Pengurusan sisa pepejal di Pulau Pangkor: Isu dan cabaran(Solid waste management in Pulau Pangkor: Issues and challenges)
Abstract
Pengurusan sisa pepejal adalah satu proses yang rumit dan kritikal. Usaha-usaha untuk memastikan kemampanan pengurusan sisa pepejal di pulau tarikan pelancong yang kecil seperti Pulau Pangkor adalah lebih mencabar kerana kekangan-kekangan yang berkait dengan saiz, lokasi dan landskap pulau. Satu kajian telah dijalankan untuk mengenalpasti isu dan cabaran dalam pengurusan sisa pepejal di Pulau Pangkor. Kajian ini berbentuk kualitatif dan data-data dikumpul dari November 2014 hingga Ogos 2015. Beberapa kaedah pengutipan dan analisis data telah digunakan seperti temu bual, Perbincangan Kumpulan Berfokus/Focus Group Discussion (FGD), pemerhatian dan lawatan tapak. Hasil analisis data mendapati terdapat empat isu serta cabaran utama dalam pengurusan sisa pepejal di Pulau Pangkor iaitu yang berkait dengan sikap masyarakat yang tidak mengutamakan kebersihan persekitaran, pengurusan sumber manusia yang tidak cekap, kemudahan penyimpanan dan pengangkutan sisa yang tidak efisien dan konflik dalam proses pelupusan sisa pepejal. Isu-isu ini merupakan cabaran utama yang perlu diatasi demi memastikan pengurusan sisa pepejal mampan boleh dicapai. Perkara ini jika dibiarkan berterusan berupaya mendatangkan implikasi negatif kepada alam sekitar. Kekurangan kedatangan pelancong akan memberi kesan kepada ekonomi penduduk yang kebanyakannya bergantung kepada kegiatan ekonomi ini. Penduduk yang menampung hidup dengan aktiviti perikanan juga akan terjejas. Selain daripada itu, sisa yang tidak diuruskan dengan baik juga boleh menjadi tempat pembiakan haiwan yang merupakan vektor pembawa penyakit dan meningkatkan kes-kes kesihatan. Pengurusan sisa pepejal yang baik perlulah diberi perhatian utama dalam usaha mencapai objektif pembangunan mampan. Ianya adalah satu usaha yang bukan mudah dan menuntut kerjasama banyak pihak terutamanya penduduk, pelancong dan pemerintah.
Kata kunci: implikasi, isu dan cabaran, kerjasama, mampan, pengurusan, sisa pepejal
Solid waste management is a complex and critical process. Effort to ensure the sustainability of solid waste management in small tourist-attraction island such as Pulau Pangkor is more challenging due to constraints related to the size, location and landscape of the island. A study was conducted to identify issues and challenges arising from the process of solid waste management in Pulau Pangkor. This research adopts qualitative method and data collection activities were conducted from November 2014 until August 2015. Several methods of data collection and analysis were used such as interviews, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), observation and site visit. The results showed that there are four key issues of solid waste management in Pulau Pangkor; namely, attitude of society that did not prioritize environmental hygiene, inefficiency of human resource management, limited facilities for storage and unefficient waste transportation and conflicts in solid waste disposal. These major challenges must be overcomed to ensure that the goals of sustainable solid waste management can be achieved. These issues, if allowed to persist would bring negative implication to the environment. Lack of tourist arrivals will affect the economy of the residents who mostly depends on this activity. Residents who depend on fisheries activities to support their livelihood would also be affected. Besides, unproper waste management could also be the breeding ground for vector diseases that lead to increasing of health cases. Proper solid waste management should be given priority in order to achieve the objectives of sustainable development. This is not an easy task and requires cooperation of many actors especially from residents, tourists and the government.
Keywords: implication, issues and challenges, cooperation, sustainable, management, solid waste
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