Kualiti Hidup dan Aktiviti Fizikal Warga Emas (Quality of Life and Physical Activity in Elderly)

Abstract

Konsep kualiti hidup adalah sangat meluas dan dinamik merangkumi budaya, kesihatan, sosial dan persekitaran. Kualiti hidup memberi impak positif kepada setiap individu dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan hidup sekali gus dapat mengelakkan dari serangan kepelbagaian penyakit. Kajian ini bertujuan melihat perbezaan kualiti hidup dengan status aktiviti fizikal dalam kalangan warga emas. Sampel yang digunakan adalah seramai 100 orang warga emas di sekitar daerah Kajang. Konstruk utama dalam kajian ini ialah kualiti hidup dan aktiviti fizikal. Kualiti hidup diukur menggunakan older people quality of life (OPQOL) manakala aktiviti fizikal diukur menggunakan rapid assessment of physical activity (RAPA). Statistik deskriptif, ujian-t dan ujian khi kuasa dua juga telah digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis kajian dan menjawab persoalan kajian. Kajian ini telah menunjukkan bahawa kualiti hidup dalam kalangan warga emas di bandar di Kajang, Selangor berada di tahap yang rendah (36%) dan penglibatan aktiviti fizikal tidak aktif iaitu (60%). Hasil kajian juga mendapati nilai min tertinggi bagi aspek kualiti hidup adalah hubungan sosial (M=3.70). Selain itu, ujian t, menunjukkan tiada hubungan yang signifikan antara kualiti hidup dan status aktiviti fizikal berdasarkan aspek berdikari, kawalan ke atas kehidupan dan serta kebebasan dan keadaan kewangan. Hasil ujian khi kuasa dua menunjukkan bahawa terdapat hubungan antara aktiviti fizikal dan ciri-ciri demografi seperti jantina, umur dan tahap pendidikan. Oleh itu, program-program yang menyasarkan kesejahteraan hidup warga emas perlu dipertimbangkan termasuk aktiviti fizikal untuk meningkatkan kualiti hidup keseluruhan dalam kalangan warga emas.

Kata kunci: aktiviti fizikal, kesejahteraan hidup, kualiti hidup, penuaan, sosial, warga emas

The concept of quality of life is a very diverse and dynamic concept which includes culture, health, social and environmental aspects. Quality of life has positive impact on every individual in improving the well-being as well as to avoid the attack of various diseases. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between physical activity and quality of life among the elderly. The sample comprised of 100 elderly living around Kajang area. The main constructs in this study are quality of life and physical activity. Quality of life was measured using the Older People Quality of Life (OPQOL), while Physical Activity was measured using Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA). Descriptive statistics, t-test and Chi Square test was used to test the hypothesis and answer the research questions. This study has shown that the quality of life among the elderly in Malaysia is at low level (36%) and the active involvement of physical activity inactive elderly (60%). The results showed that the highest mean value quality of life is social relationships (M = 3.70). In addition, t-test showed there was no relationship of quality of life and physical activity status based on their independent control over the life freedom and financial condition. From Chi Square test, there is a significant relationship between physical activity and demographic characteristics such as gender, age, level of education. Therefore, programs that increase the well-being of the elderly in the means of physical activity need to be considered include physical activity to improve overall quality of life among the elderly population.

Keywords: physical activity, well-being, quality of life, ageing, social, elderly