Kesan pertukaran gunatanah pertanian kepada keadaan sosio-ekonomi petani di kawasan pesisir Jawa Timur Indonesia (The impact of agricultural land conversion in East Java on the livelihood of farmers)
Abstract
Telah berlaku perubahan dramatik dalam sektor pertanian Indonesia sejak 34 tahun (1971-2005) yang lalu. Sumbangan dari sektor pertanian kepada Keluaran Negara Kasar (KNK) telah jatuh menjunam sementara sumbangan sektor perindustrian telah melonjak naik. Perubahan struktur dari sektor pertanian kepada industri dan bukan tani ini tercermin dengan jelasnya pada fenomena pertukaran pesat gunatanah pertanian kepada gunatanah bukan tani dengan pelbagai akibat yang tidak menyenangkan terhadap isirumah dan komuniti tani. Kertas ini meneliti bagaimana perubahan struktur ini telah menjejaskan kehidupan komuniti petani di Gresik, Sidoarjo, dan Surabaya di Propinsi Jawa Timur. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa perubahan struktur ekonomi telah menyahstabilkan sektor pertanian yang seterusnya membawa kepada kemerosotan taraf hidup petani apabila mereka terpaksa berdepan dengan perubahan yang begitu mencabar baik pada pola pekerjaan mereka mahupun pada struktur sosial, nilai komuniti dan tradisi budaya mereka.
Katakunci: peminggiran sektor pertanian, pendapatan petani, perubahan struktur ekonomi, pola pekerjaan, pertukaran gunatanah pertanian, sistem nilai komuniti tani
There has been a dramatic change in the agricultural sector in Indonesia during the last 34 years (1971-2005). The contribution of the agricultural sector to the Gross National Product (GNP) has decreased substantially while that of the industrial sector has increased significantly. The structural shift from agriculture to industry and other non-agricultural uses is vividly manifested by the rapid conversion of farm land to urban uses with some unsettling consequences on the farming households and communities. This paper examines how this structural change has affected the villagers of Gresik, Sidoarjo, and Surabaya in the province of East Java. It was found that the economic structural change had de-stabilised the farming sector and led to a downfall in the living standard of farmers as they found themselves having to cope with drastic changes in their pattern of employment, social structures ,community values and cultural traditions.
Keywords: agricultural land conversion, economic structural change, farmers’ income, marginalisation of agricultural sector, occupational pattern, value system of farming communit
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