Masalah dan cabaran tanah adat Minang di dunia Melayu Malaysia dan Indonesia (Issues and challenges of the Minang customary land in the Malay world of Malaysia and Indonesia)

Abstract

Penelitian terhadap dunia Melayu Malaysia-Indonesia juga terkait dengan peruntukan tanah yang menjadi identiti masyarakat Minang dikedua-dua buah negara. Justeru itu, kertas ini membincangkan persoalan yang menyentuh perihal peruntukan formal dan informal tanah adat dikedua-dua buah negara dengan merujuk khusus kepada peruntukan tanah adat yang diamalkan oleh masyarakat Minang di Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan Malaysia dan di Batu Sangkar di Sumatera Barat, Indonesia. Perincian terhadap situasi di Indonesia menunjukkan bahawa isu pemberian surat milikan tanah adat menyebabkan tanah adat berhadapan dengan cabaran perlucutan pemilikan tanah adat. Perincian terhadap situasi di Malaysia pula menonjolkan isu betapa peruntukan mengekang tanah adat daripada dijual mahupun disewa ditambah dengan jumlah pemilikan yang ramai telah menyebabkan tanah adat di Malaysia menjadi tanah yang tidak diusahakan dan terbiar. Kesimpulannya , kertas ini mencadangkan agar Malaysia dan Indonesia menjalin kerjasama bagi memikirkan cara-cara menangani isu dan cabaran semasa yang dihadapi oleh tanah adat/ulayat di kedua-dua negara ini demi mempertahankan kesinambungan dunia Melayu.

Katakunci: dunia Melayu, perlucutan pemilikan tanah adat, peruntukan tanah adat, surat milikan tanah adat, tanah adat Minang, tanah terbiar

An inevitable element in an examinati on of the Malay world of Malaysia-Indonesia is the state of customary land provisions such as those of the Minang which are still practiced in both countries. This paper examines the Minang customary land provisions as they are practiced by the Minang community in Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia and in Batu Sangkar, west Sumatera, Indonesia. It was found that the Minang customary land provisions and practices in both countries are experiencing critical issues and challenges . In Indonesia, the issues pertain to the gradual demise of the customary land provisions and practices due to the rather liberal and indiscriminate issuance of formal land titles and grants . In Malaysia, the threat of such de-classification of the customary land provisions is relatively absent but most of the lands now remain practically idle due to the difficulty of obtaining consensus from multiple co-owners as to how the lands should be cultivated or treated. The paper concludes that unless concerted efforts are made by both countries to grapple with contemporary issues and challenges facing the provisions and practices of the Minang customary land, the Malay world runs the risk of losing a fundamental essence of identity and continuity that the customary land epitomises.

Keywords: customary land provisions, de-classification of the customary land provisions, formal land titles and grants, idle land, Malay world, Minang customar