Keadaan sosio- ekonomi sempadan Indonesia-Malaysia dalam laporan akhbar Kompas 2008-2012 (Socio-economic conditions of the Indonesia-Malaysia border areas according to Kompas newspaper reporting 2008-2012)

Abstract

Sempadan Indonesia-Malaysia memperolehi perhatian daripada orang ramai, prioriti dalam polisi kerajaan, dan pemberitaan media massa selepas berakhirnya Orde Baru tahun 1998. Di bawah Orde Baru, sempadan dibiarkan sebagai kawasan terbelakang secara sosio-ekonomi tetapi ianya dikawal secara militer bagi tujuan pertahanan dan keselamatan. Oleh itu, perhatian orang awam selepas reformasi politik 1998 menuntut agar pengembangan sempadan diurus dalam perspektif kesejahteraan. Perdebatan perspektif keselamatan versus perspektif kesejahteraan berlangsung dalam kurun masa yang lama, dari tahun 1998 sehingga tahun 2010, semasa kerajaan Indonesia menubuhkan Badan Nasional Pengelola Sempadan(BNPP), sebuah lembaga yang diberi tugas mengurus sempadan secara holistik. Walau bagaimanapun, keadaan sosio-ekonomi kawasan-kawasan sempadan tersebut belum mengalami kemajuan yang signifikan, setidaknya demikian mengikut reportase Akhbar Kompas, tahun 2008-2012. Ini kerana pelbagai program dan projek kementrian tentang pembangunan kawasan sempadan belum semuanya diselaraskan di bawah pengurusan BNPP dan kurangnya alokasi bajet dari kerajaan untuk pembangunan infrastruktur kawasan sempadan.

Katakunci: kawasan sempadan, pengurusan sempadan, perspektif kesejahteraan, perspektif keselamatan, sempadan Indonesia-Malaysia, softborders dan hardborders

Indonesia-Malaysia border areas have gained public attention, priority in government policy, and mass media coverage since the end of Indonesia’s New Order era in 1998. Under the New Order, the border was left in socioeconomic backwardness but remained in control of the military for defense and security purposes. The 1998 political reforms brought to the fore the imperative of managing the border areas in the context of a welfare perspective. The debate between welfare versus security perspectives had then dominated the post-reform discourse of border management from 1998 until 2010. It ended when the Indonesian government established a national agency for integrative border management known as the Badan Nasional Pengelola Sempadan (BNPP). However, the socio-economic development of the border areas had not experienced significant progress throughout 2008-2012, at least according to the Kompas. This had a lot to do with the lack of coordination and synchronization of border development programmes and projects among related government agencies under the jurisdiction of the BNPP on the one hand and the lack of government allocated budget for the development of infrastructures in border areas on the other.

Keywords: border, border management, Indonesia-Malaysia border, security perspective, softborders and hardborders, welfare perspective