Konflik kepentingan berkaitan permasalahan ekologi, ekonomi dan sosio-budaya di Tanah Tinggi Dieng, Indonesia (Conflicts of interest among stakeholders involving ecology, economy and socio-culture of the Dieng Plateau, Indonesia)

Abstract

Tanah Tinggi Dieng di Jawa Tengah telah mengalami sentuhan tamadun sejak ratusan tahun yang lalu. Sejak abad keempat, kawasan ini telah menarik kehadiran manusia kerana panorama yang indah dan persekitaran yang unik, sesuai untuk tempat beribadat. Pada abad keenam sebuah kompleks percandian Hindu tertua di Jawa mula dibina; dan setelah ditinggalkan selama beberapa abad, pada akhir abad ke-19, tanah tinggi ini telah dibangunkan menjadi kawasan pertanian. Kini kawasan ini terkenal dengan penanaman ubi kentang yang paling menguntungkan di Jawa Tengah. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk membincangkan pelbagai konflik kepentingan yang berlaku di tanah tinggi tersebut yang masing-masing mempunyai kepentingan ekologi, ekonomi dan sosiobudaya di kawasan tersebut. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah tinjauan lapangan dan temu bual yang dijalankan antara bulan Julai 2007 dan Julai 2011 bagi mengumpul data primer, juga data sekunder dari gambar satelit, peta topografi dan pelbagai literatur. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa berlaku konflik antara pelbagai pihak berkepentingan membabitkan petani, pegawai perhutanan, pegawai kerajaan, dan beberapa syarikat swasta di kawasan tersebut. Tekanan ekonomi merupakan penyebab utama berlakunya konflik yang berpengaruh kepada keberlangsungan ekologi dan sosio-budaya. Pertanian ubi kentang merupakan faktor utama yang menyebabkan kerosakan persekitaran di Tanah Tinggi Dieng.

Katakunci: Dieng, ekologi, ekonomi, kepentingan, konflik, sosio-budaya

Dieng Plateau in Central Java has been in touch with civilization since hundreds years ago. Since the fourth century, this region has witnessed the presence of the human race owing to its beautiful panoramic views and uniqueness of its environmental conditions, and became a favorable place of worship. In the sixth century the oldest Hindus tample complex in Java was erected, and after being abandoned for several centuries, since the end of the 19th century, the plateau has been developed for agricultural plantations. At present, the region is well known for its most profitable potato cultivation in Central Java. This study aims to discuss the various conflicts that present in the plateau involving stakeholders which have respective interests in the ecology, economy and socio-culture of the region. This study employes field surveys and interviews conducted between July 2007 and July 2011 to gather primary data, as well as secondary data in the form of satellite imageries, topographic maps and a variety of literature. The results indicate that there exist conflict of interest among stakeholders involving farmers, forest officers, government officials, and several private companies in the region. Economic pressure has been identified as the major source of conflicts which in turn leave some adverse impacts on the ecological and socio-cultural sustainability of the plateau. Potato cultivation is the most important factor causing environmental degradation in the Dieng Plateau.

Keywords: conflicts, Dieng Plateau, ecology, economics, interests, social and cultural