Ciri-ciri senibina landskap sekolah di Lembah Klang-Langat (Landscaping the environment for learning in Malaysia: The characteristics of the Klang-Langat Valley’s school landscapes)

Salina Mohamed Ali, Katiman Rostam, Abd. Hair Awang

Abstract


Di samping menambah keindahan persekitaran, dengan reka bentuk berkonsep dan ciri tertentu landskap sekolah seharusnya boleh berfungsi membantu proses pembelajaran dan pendidikan. Ciri-ciri landskap sekolah di Malaysia masa kini masih belum menggambarkan prinsip asas falsafah pendidikan negara. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengklasifikasi cirri dan mengenal pasti konsep landskap sekolah di Lembah Klang-Langat. Bagi tujuan itu kajian ini menggunakan data primer yang dikutip melalui cerapan di lapangan menggunakan kaedah senarai semak terhadap 104 buah sekolah di Lembah Klang-Langat yang dipilih secara rawak berstrata; dan data sekunder yang diperoleh daripada pelbagai agensi berkaitan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan 44.6% landskap sekolah di wilayah ini cenderung berkonsepkan landskap buatan, khususnya sekolah di bandar. Konsep landskap lain yang popular termasuklah English dan Nusantara. Dari segi tipologi 89.4% merupakan landskap tradisional. Rata-rata landskap sekolah dihiasi dengan komponen kejur seperti tangga taman, pasu bunga, papan tanda, perabut taman, mural dan gazebo. Pokok peneduh, renek, penutup bumi, rumput, pokok buah-buahan dan herba merupakan komponen lembut yang popular. Kolam ikan dan pancuran pula adalah komponen buatan yang sering ditemui. Elemen fasiliti yang popular pula termasuklah pondok pengawal, tong sampah, laluan pejalan kaki, petak letak kereta dan but telefon. Komponen fauna yang popular pula meliputi burung dan rama-rama. Sedangkan komponen flora yang utama meliputi bunga kertas bagi spesies pokok renek, pandan wangi bagi spesies herba dan rumput kerbau bagi spesies penutup bumi. Penilaian dari segi estetika menunjukkan majoriti landskap sekolah yang dicerap hanya pada tahap sederhana menarik sahaja. Keseluruhan hasil kajian ini cenderung untuk menunjukkan bahawa landskap sekolah di Lembah Klang-Langat belum dimajukan sehingga dapat berfungsi menyokong proses pembelajaran.

Katakunci: ciri-ciri senibina landskap, estetika, identiti, komponen landskap sekolah, penilaian landskap, tipologi landskap


Beside enhancing the scenery of school surroundings, landscape features with specific conceptual designs should be able to assist in the educational learning processes. This article aims to classify the characteristics and identify the concept of landscaping in schools within the Klang-Langat Valley. For such purposes, the present study obtained secondary information from various agencies and collected primary data from 104 schools in the region randomly selected through field observations using checklist techniques. Results showed that 44.6% of schools in the Klang-Langat Valley tend to have artificial landscape concepts, especially in schools located in urban areas, most popular being those of English and Nusantara landscaping. Traditional landscaping represents 89.4% of the typology. School landscapes in the region are often adorned with rigid components such as garden steps and furniture, flower pots, signboards, murals and gazebos. Shade trees, shrubs, ground covers, grass, fruit and herb trees are amongst popular soft components. Fish ponds and fountains are man-made components often observed. Widely present facilities include guardhouse, dustbin, pedestrian walkways, parking lots and telephone booths. Popular fauna featured were birds and butterflies while bougainvilleas were the most common floral shrubs, the pandan the herbs, and the cow grass the ground cover. Aesthetically, the majority of schools were only moderately appealing. Overall results of this study indicate that the school landscapes in the Klang- Langat Valley have yet to be developed to support the learning processes as envisaged in the national education philosophy.

Keywords: architectural landscape characteristics, aesthetics, landscape assessment, landscape identity, school landscape components, typology


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