Identiti budaya dan bahasa etnik Melayu Thesaban Takbai, Selatan Thailand: Satu analisa fenomenologi (Cultural and linguistic identity of the Thesaban Takbai ethnic Malays of Southern Thailand: A phenomenological analysis)
Abstract
Pembinaan identiti kelompok etnik minoriti seringkali dibayangi oleh kelompok majoriti.Objektif utama kajian ini ialah untuk memahami jenis identiti bahasa dan budaya yang diinginkan oleh kelompok etnik minoriti.Kajian ini menggunakan paradigma penyelidikan fenomenologiyang memfokuskan pada pemahaman kelompok etnik Melayu Selatan Thailand di Thesaban Takbai, Narathiwat berkenaan pembentukan identiti etnik berasaskan pandang dunia mereka.Unit analisis kajian ini terdiri daripada sepuluh orang individu etnik Melayu Selatan Thailand yang tinggal di Thesaban Takbai, Narathiwat, Thailand.Sepuluh orang informan yang terdiri daripada lima lelaki dan lima wanita yang berumur dalam kategori 20 tahun hingga 60 tahun berdasarkan jenis pekerjaan dan tahap pendidikan telah dipilih untuk ditemubual secara mendalam dalam kajian ini.Sampel kajian ini dipilih menggunakan pensampelan bukan kebarangkalian iaitu pensampelan bertujuan dan pensampelan bola salji. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa etnik Melayu Thesaban Takbai, Selatan Thailand masih mahu mengekalkan budaya Melayu Patani dalam aspek berpakaian dan penggunaan nama. Pandangan informan terhadap identiti bahasa pula menunjukkan mereka sangat toleran terhadap kedudukan Bahasa Thai sebagai Bahasa Kebangsaan.Implikasi kajian ini ialah pemerintah Thailand perlu mengambil kira kepentingan kelompok minoriti dan tidak mengamalkan dasar integrasi berbentuk pentadbiran atas ke bawah melalui pendekatan asimilasi yang dianggap mendiskriminasikan kelompok minoriti.
Katakunci: budaya, etnik Melayu, fenomenologi, identiti, Melayu Patani, worldview
The construction of ethnic minority identity is often overshadowed by that of the majority. To let the minority get out of the shadow this study seeks to inquire into the type of language and cultural identity that the Thesaban Takbai, an ethnic Malay minority of Southern Thailand, desired to construct for themselves. The study used a phenomenological research paradigm that focused on understanding the Thesaban Takbai world view on ethnic identity . Ten informants of five men and five women, aged between 20 to 60 years and of varied occupational and educational backgrounds were selected to be interviewed in depth. The sampling utilized a non-probability, purposive and snowballing method. The findings revealed that the Thesaban Takbai ethnic Malays still wanted to maintain their Patani Malay culture in terms of personal dress and name. The informants’ views on language identity indicated that they were very tolerant and respectful of the official status accorded to the Thai language as the country’s national language. Despite such attitude of tolerance on the minority’s part the findings do imply that the Thai government would do well to take into account the interests of the minority by not enforcing unto them a top-down policy of assimilation which may be construed and perceived as discriminatory.
Keywords: culture, identity, Malay ethnic, Patani Malay, phenomenology, worldview
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