Perubahan gunatanah dan taburan hujan luar biasa di daerah-daerah pedalaman Negeri Kedah (Land use change and the distribution of extraordinary rainfall in the interiors of Kedah, Malaysia)

Tuan Pah Rokiah Syed Hussain, Hamidi Ismail, Mat Khalid Md Noh

Abstract


Perubahan gunatanah memberi kesan negatif kepada taburan hujan yang akhirnya mewujudkan bencana banjir. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara perubahan gunatanah dengan taburan hujan di beberapa daerah pedalaman Kedah iaitu Kubang Pasu, Padang Terap, Pendang dan Sik. Analisis terhadap data hujan menggunakan graf bar secara bulanan dari tahun 1990-2013. Data gunatanah adalah dari tahun 1984-2012 dan analisis perubahan gunatanah menggunakan Patch Density dan Size Metrics melalui Ujian Mean Patch Size serta Mean Perimeter-Area Ratio. Hasil kajian mendapati perubahan gunatanah dari tahun 1984-2012 adalah selari dengan kejadian taburan hujan luar biasa dan luar biasa ekstrim di beberapa daerah pedalaman Kedah. Akhirnya, bencana banjir besar melanda beberapa daerah di Kedah seperti Kubang Pasu dan Kota Setar yang dikatakan terburuk sejak 30 tahun iaitu pada tahun 2005 dan 2010. Oleh kerana itu, dasar berkaitan dengan pembangunan tanah perlu dimantapkan agar bencana alam seperti banjir luar biasa dapat dikurangkan pada masa hadapan.

Katakunci: analisis ruangan, banjir, edge metrics, hujan luarbiasa, perubahan gunatanah, patch density

Changes in land use may exert a negative impact on rainfall which may eventually lead to catastrophic flooding. This study examines the relationship between changes in land use with rainfall distribution in some interior districts of Kedah, namely, Kubang Pasu, Padang Terap, Pendang and Sik. Analysis of rainfall data was by using monthly bar graphs from year 1990 to 2013. The land use data were from year 1984 to 2012 and land use change analysis utilised the Patch Density and Size Metrics through the Test Mean and Mean Patch Size Perimeter to Area Ratio. The study found that changes in land use from year 1984 to 2012 were in line with exceptional and extreme rainfall events in some interior district of Kedah. Consequently, a huge flood hit several areas in Kedah such as Kubang Pasu and Kota Setar in 2005 and 2010 which according to some were the worst over the last 30 years. This means that policies related to land development should be strengthened so that natural disasters such as exceptional and extraordinary floods like this can be avoided in the future.

Keywords: edge metrics, extreme rainfall, flooding, land use changes, patch density, spatial analysis


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