Faktor penghalang pembangunan tanah rizab Melayu (Factors preventing the development of the Malay reserve land)

Azima Abdul Manaf, Novel Lyndon, Sivapalan Selvadurai, Mohd Yusof Hussain, Zaimah Ramli, Sarmila Md Sum, Suhana Saad, Mokhtar Jaafar, Mohd Fuad Mat Jali

Abstract


Pelbagai faktor boleh berinteraksi dalam menyukarkan pembangunan tanah termasuk tanah rizab. Penggubalan Enakmen Tanah Rizab Melayu (TRM) oleh penjajah Inggeris bertujuan menjaga kepentingan pegangan serta pemilikan tanah orang Melayu. Bagaimanapun, dalam arus perkembangan semasa pembangunan negara, Tanah Rizab Melayu kini berhadapan dengan pelbagai masalah yang menghalangnya untuk dibangunkan. Kajian ini merupakan kajian analisis kandungan yang melibatkan bahan-bahan yang diperoleh daripada sumber teks sekunder dan dapatan kajian terdahulu. Penekanan diberikan kepada pendekatan institusi ekonomi yang menjadi kerangka teoritikal bagi menjelaskan secara holistik faktor-faktor yang menghalang tanah rizab Melayu dibangunkan. Analisis mendapati terdapat empat faktor yang menghalang pembangunan tanah rizab Melayu: undang-undang pemilikan terhad bagi tanah rizab Melayu, faktor ramai pemilik tanah rizab Melayu, faktor sikap dan kongkongan pemikiran ortodok dan ketidakmampuan pemilik tanah untuk mengusahakannya. Analisis juga mendapati wujudnya lompang interaksi antara ejen yang terlibat dalam pembangunan tanah rizab Melayu.

Katakunci: dasar tanah penjajah, institusi ekonomi, interaksi sosial, peraturan formal, peraturan informal, tanahrizab Melayu

Various factors may interact in hampering the development of land including that of land reserves. The Malay Reserve Land Enactment (TRM) was drafted by the colonial British to safeguard the native Malay ownership of land so that they would not become landless in their own country. However, Malaysia’s current state of development had posed several problems to the development of the Malay Reserve Land. This study is a content analysis study involving material derived from secondary texts and the findings of previous studies. Emphasis was placed on institutional approaches to economic theoretical framework to explain holistically the related preventing factors. The analysis found four such factors: laws which limited the ownership of the Malay reserve land to Malays only, multiple ownership of the Malay reserve land, negative attitude and orthodox thinking and the financial inability of owners to develop the land. The analysis also found interaction gaps between the various agents and actors involved in the development of Malay reserve land.

Keywords: colonial land policy, economic institutions, formal regulation, informal rules, Malay reserve land, socialinteraction


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