Penyalahgunaan dadah sebagai ancaman keselamatan: Analisis keberkesanan program kerajaan dalam mengekang pengrekrutan penagih dadah di Malaysia (Illicit drugs as a security threat: An analysis of state-run programmes to curb drug addict recruitment in Malaysia)

Abstract

Keselamatan dunia kontemporari bukan sahaja menuntut aktor negara memainkan peranan yang sewajarnya tetapi juga aktor bukan negara. Ini kerana usaha menjamin keselamatan negara menjadi tercabar apabila aktor bukan negara bertindak di luar batasan dan melanggar norma-norma kehidupan termasuk undang-undang masyarakat sivil. Isu pengedaran dan penyalahgunaan dadah di Malaysia merupakan isu nasional. Kerajaan Malaysia menerusi Agensi Anti Dadah Kebangsaan (AADK) dan pelbagai agensi telah melakukan pelbagai usaha bagi mengatasi masalah ini. Persoalannya adakah hasilnya boleh dibanggakan dalam mengekang ancaman kepada keselamatan komuniti-individu di Malaysia. Justeru, kajian ini menganalisis keterancaman keselamatan individu dan komuniti di Malaysia oleh penyalahgunaan dadah. Berasaskan konsep keselamatan insan kajian ini memanfaatkan hasil analisis dokumen, pemerhatian, perbincangan kumpulan terfokus, dan temu bual berstruktur dengan informan terpilih yang terlibat secara langsung dalam pengurusan masalah dadah dalam institusi dan komuniti dari dalam dan luar negara. Dapatan kajian mendapati wujudnya ancaman ke atas insan dalam individu-komuniti di Malaysia. Walau bagaimanapun, kepelbagaian dapatan kajian juga menunjukkan sebahagian besar program rawatan dan pemulihan yang dijalankan untuk mengekang pengrekrutan penagih adalah kurang berkesan.

Katakunci: ancaman keselamatan, jenayah, keselamatan insan, keselamatan komuniti, pengrekrutan penagih dadah, penyalahgunaan dadah

Contemporary world security demands not only state but also individual non-state actors playing effective roles. It underlies the fact that securing community safety becomes a real challenge when non-state actors transgress the bounds of shared social norms and rules including those pertaining to the conduct of civil society. The issue of drug trafficking and drug abuse in Malaysia is a national problem. The government of Malaysia, through the National Anti-drug Agency and a few others has made various efforts to overcome this problem. The question is whether the results are something that the Malaysian society can be proud of. This study analysed the vulnerability of Malaysia’s communities and individuals due to the threats caused by drug abuse. Based on human security concept the study utilised data gathered from documents, observations, focus group discussions, and structured interviews involving selected institutional and community member participants in local and non-local drug abuse management undertakings. The results of the study revealed that while the reality of the drug security threats was solidly affirmed both at individual and community levels in Malaysia, the majority of the current state-run treatment and rehabilitation programmes to curb the recruitment of drug addicts were sadly still ineffective.

Keywords: community security, crime, drug abuse, drug addict recruitment, human security, security threats