Civil disobedience dalam kalangan pengundi Cina di Malaysia (Civil disobedience of the Malaysian Chinese voters)
Abstract
Malaysia adalah sebuah negara multi-etnik. Parti-parti politik yang ditubuhkan juga cenderung mengikut identiti etnik masing-masing. Misalnya Barisan Nasional (BN) merupakan parti pemerintah yang cenderung berasaskan etnik dan terdiri daripada Parti Kebangsaan Melayu Bersatu (UMNO) mewakili kaum Melayu, Malaysian Chinese Associasion (MCA) yang mewakili etnik Cina dan Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC) yang mewakili etnik India begitu juga dengan parti-parti politik di Sabah dan Sarawak yang menjadi komponen BN cenderung berasaskan etnik masing-masing. Bagaimanapun, selepas pilihan raya 2008, berlaku peralihan dalam tren pengundian bagi ketiga-tiga etnik iaitu Melayu telah berpaling daripada Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Bersatu (UMNO), India daripada Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC) begitu juga dengan Cina yang berpaling daripada Malaysian Chinese Organisation (MCA) dan Gerakan. Keputusan pilihan raya umum menjelaskan tentang fenomena civil disobedience yang merujuk kepada bantahan atau protes rakyat terhadap beberapa isu dan dasar yang dikaitkan dengan kerajaan seperti politik, ekonomi, pendidikan, etnik dan agama. Rentetan daripada gelombang civil disobedience tersebut, pengundi Cina yang rata-ratanya menghuni kawasan bandar telah beralih menyokong pembangkang terumanya Democratic Action Party (DAP) yang terkenal sebagai sebuah parti cauvinis Cina. Persoalannya apakah pola ini akan berkekalan dalam kalangan pengundi bandar? Kertas ini bertujuan untuk meneliti pencapaian parti politik Cina terutamanya DAP sejak pilihan raya 2008 dengan memberikan fokus terhadap pola pengundian di dua buah negeri iaitu Selangor dan Kuala Lumpur serta perkembangan terkini dalam pilihan raya DUN Sarawak 2011.
Katakunci: Cina, civil disobedience, Democratic Action Party, etnik, pengundi, pilihan raya
Malaysia is a multi-ethnic country. Existing political parties tend to establish themselves within the ethnic
line including Barisan Nasional which composed of United Malays National Organization (UMNO), Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA) and Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC), each representing the Malays, Chinese and Indian. Similar to Sabah and Sarawak, the BN components are represented by ethnic accordingly. This pattern of voters trend has changed among all ethnics since the general elections of 2008 : the Malays, Chinese and Indian voters were no longer inclined to the BN alliance. Thus the 2008 election results may be taken as a form of civil disobedience, an expression of citizen dissatisfaction and protest against several issues pertaining to the ruling BN’s politics, economic policy, education, ethnic and religious matters. The question is, would such trend prevail? Focusing on voters trend in Selangor and Kuala Lumpur and the result of the 2011 Sarawak election , this paper examines the post 2008 election performance of Malaysian Chinese political parties, in particular, the DAP . The analysis saw that the Chinese voters would continue to contribute to the electoral success of the DAP as they seemed to have lost faith in the ability of the BN to look after their interests. As with the SUPP, the MCA was seen by the Malaysian Chinese voters as too moderate and too subservient to the dominant PBB and UMNO.
Keywords: civil disobedience, Chinese, Democratic Action Party, election, ethnicity, voters
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