Kepuasan majikan dan kerentanan Pembantu Rumah Tangga asing Indonesia: Dapatan dari Lembah Klang, Selangor, Malaysia (Employer’s satisfaction and the vulnerability of Indonesian migrant domestic workers: Findings from the Klang Valley, Malaysia)
Abstract
Kerentanan migrant wanita Pembantu Rumah Tangga (PRT) di tempat kerja majikan, merupakan persoalan
sosial yang kini makin ramai diperbincangkan, seiring meningkatnya migrasi kerja antarbangsa yang dilakukan kaum wanita. Khususnya kaum wanita berkemahiran rendah dari Negara-negara Berkembang, termasuk dari Indonesia ke Malaysia.Kajian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan utama untuk menguji secara empiric ada tidaknya hubungan yang signifikan antara puas hati majikan dengan kerentanan migrant wanita PRT di tempat kerja majikan. Kajian dijalankan dengan sampel sebanyak 150 responden majikan yang sedang memperkerjakan migrant wanita PRT asal Indonesia dan 150 migran wanita PRT asal Indonesia yang sedang bekerja di Malaysia. Responden diambil menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dan snowballing sampling. Sedangkan data yang diperlukan, diambil menggunakan teknik questionnaire, khususnya berupa open-ended questionaire. Data hasil kajian dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis distribusi frekuensi dan teknik analisis korelasi, baik berupa korelasi tunggal (bivariate), maupun korelasi parsial (partial). Hasil analsis data, baik bersumber pada responden PRT maupun Majikan, menunjukkan kadar puas hati majikan sama-sama termasuk kategori “sedang”. Berdasarkan data responden majikan, kadar kerentanan PRT termasuk kategori rendah, sedangkan berdasarkan data responden PRT kadar kerentanannya termasuk kategori “sedang”. Selanjutnya, hasil uji korelasi sama-sama menujukkan adanya hubungan negatip dan signifikan antara puas hati majikan dengan kerentanan PRT. Daripada hasil uji empiric tersebut, menunjukkan upaya mengurangi kerentanan PRT di tempat kerja majikan, tidak cukup sekedar dilakukan melalui peningkatkan perlindungan hukum, politik, dan kebijakan perlindungan eksternal PRT lainnya. Hal penting lainnya adalah perlunya dilakukan upaya peningkatan kadar puas hati majikan itu sendiri.
Katakunci: analisis korelasi, kerentanan, majikan PRT migran, Pembantu RumahTangga (PRT), prestasi kerja, puas hati
The vulnerability of female migrant domestic workers at the workplace has indeed become a global issue. This study intends to find out whether there was a significance correlation of employer’s satisfaction with the vulnerability of migrant domestic workers at the workplace. Based on the results of field interviews in
Malaysia’s Klang Valley of a sample of 150 employer respondents who did employ Indonesian migrant domestic workers it was found that the degree of the employer satisfaction fell into an “intermediate” or “moderate” category while that of the domestic worker’s vulnerability in the “low” category. Based on the responses of another sample of 150 Indonesian female migrant domestic workers it was found that the degree of the domestic workers’ vulnerability fell into the “intermediate” category. The results of the subsequent statistical tests revealed that there was a negative and significant correlation between the employer satisfaction and the vulnerability of the female migrant domestic workers. The paper concludes with a set of measures ranging from protection by law to politics and policies to improve the workers’ situation, and the imperative of enhancing the employer satisfaction too as this also weighs vitally on the reduction of the workers’ vulnerability.
Keywords: correlation analysis, domestic worker’s employers, migrant domestic workers, satisfaction, vulnerability, work performance
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