Analisis perkembangan tepubina di kawasan pertanian Pesisir Teluk Banten, Indonesia: Kajian kes di Kecamatan Ka semen, Kramatwatu dan Pontang (An analysis of the built-up expansion in the agricu ltural region of the Teluk Banten coast, Indonesia, with special ref erence to Kasemen, Kramatwatu and Pontang Districts)

Abstract

Perkembangan kawasan binaan di kawasan pesisir Indonesia telah menimbulkan persoalan ruang yang semakin kompleks, terutamanya berkait dengan masalah pertukaran gunatanah pertanian kepada gunatanah bukan pertanian. Pertukaran gunatanah pertanian utamanya berlaku pada tanah pertanian yang subur dan berpengairan baik. Ianya ditukar kepada petempatan, kawasan industri dan infrastruktur. Polisi kerajaan bagi mempertahankan tanah-tanah pertanian subur akan mudah tergugat apabila kadar pertukaran gunatanah pertanian kepada bukan pertanian semakin tinggi. Kertas kerja ini membincangkan keterpinggiran kawasan penampan pertanian di kawasan pesisir Teluk Banten akibat perkembangan kawasan binaan. Kajian ini meliputi teknik-teknik analisis spasial yang terintegrasi dengan sistem informasi geografis di mana ianya boleh memberikan gambaran mengenai paras dan pola pertukaran gunatanah pertanian pada dua dekad ini, iaitu antara tahun 1970-2008. Pada peringkat ini, kajian bertumpu kepada analisis data spasial yang telah tersedia iaitu data AMS, JOG, RBI94, dan peta litupan tanah tahun 2003. Data spasial tersebut divalidasi dengan menggunakan data hasil interpreasi citra Path/Row:131/064 dengan tahun perekaman sebagai berikut; Citra LANDSAT tahun 1976, Citra LANDSAT 5 TM tahun 1995, Citra LANDSAT 7 ETM+ tahun 2000. Visualisasi hasil analisis dengan menggunakan peta Topografi/Peta RBI (Rupa Bumi Indonesia) BAKOSURTANAL dan peta pentadbiran Kabupaten Serang, khasnya di tiga kecamatan kawasan pesisir.

Katakunci: analisis GIS, geostatik, gunatanah bukan pertanian, kawasan binaan, kawasan penampan pertanian, pertukaran gunatanah pertanian

The development of the built up area in the Indonesian coastal region had proceeded at a pace that had given rise to some serious concerns particularly in relation to land conversion. Some of these had to do with fertile irrigated agricultural land being rather indiscriminately converted to residential, industrial and infrastructure uses, a situation which if allowed to persist will jeopardise Indonesia’s agrofood production. This paper seeks to drive home this urgent point by highlighting the case of the conversion of agricultural buffer lands in the coastal areas of Banten Bay. Applying the techniques of spatial analysis integrated with geographic information system it provides a telling picture of the level and pattern of farmland conversion over the past two decades (1970 to 2008), thanks to the timely availability of sophisticated sources of spatial data such as the AMS , RBI94, and Land Cover Map 2003. The spatial data had been validated by using the result of image interpretation Path / Row: 131/064 in the year following the recording of LANDSAT 1976, LANDSAT 5 TM 1995, LANDSAT 7 ETM + 2000. Visualization results were obtained by using topographic maps / Map RBI (RBI Indonesia) BAKOSURTANAL and the administrative map of Serang, in particular, regarding the three coastal districts.

Keywords:agriculture buffer zone, agricultural land conversion, built up area, GIS analysis, geostatistics, non-agricultural landuse