Analisis sosiologikal terhadap makna Legenda Monsopiad: Perspektif etnik Kadazandusun (A sociological analysis on the meaning of Monsopiad Legendary: Kadazandusun ethnic perspective)

Abstract

Abstrak

Kertas kerja ini menganalisis pembentukan identiti etnik secara sosiologikal melalui legenda kepahlawanan Monsopiad yang mencorakkan identiti ‘head-hunting’ masyarakat Kadazandusun. Catatan etnografi kolonial Barat berdasarkan pengalaman misionari Kristian menginterpretasi ritual dan amalan pemburuan kepala sebagai norma yang bercanggah dengan sifat ketamadunan manusia. Sebagai etnik majoriti di Pantai Barat Sabah, komuniti menganggap legenda Monsopiad adalah pangazou (pahlawan) yang memiliki citra keperibadian mulia dan seharusnya dikekalkan dalam sejarah etnik. Justeru, tujuan utama kertas kerja ini ditulis ialah untuk menganalisis makna legenda Monsopiad daripada perspektif etnik Kadazandusun. Penelitian dijalankan di daerah Penampang dengan mengaplikasi pendekatan fenomenologi. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui kaedah pemerhatian tidak turut serta dan temubual secara mendalam telah dijalankan ke atas lapan orang informan yang dipilih menerusi pensampelan bertujuan. Paradigma penyelidikan ontologi idealis diaplikasi untuk memperolehi pengetahuan tentang legenda Monsopiad daripada realiti sosial etnik Kadazandusun. Pendekatan epistemologi sosial konstruktivisme diaplikasi untuk mendeskripsi makna legenda daripada pengalaman harian informan kajian. Hasil kajian mendapati penelitian tentang makna legenda Monsopiad diinterpretasikan sebagai simbol kegagahan dan keberanian nenek moyang zaman dahulu, keyakinan terhadap semangat spiritual, kesuburan alam semesta dan simbol kelangsungan hidup keturunan Monsopiad.

Kata kunci: identiti etnik, Kadazandusun, Monsopiad, pangazou, Penampang, pendekatan fenomenologi 

Abstract

This paper attempt to analyzes the sociological formation of ethnic identity through Monsopiad heroic legends that have shaped the 'head-hunting' identity among Kadazandusun. Western colonial ethnographic records by Christian missionary interpret the rituals and practices of headhunting as a norm that contradicts from the nature of human civilization. As the majority ethnic in the west coast of Sabah, the community considered the Monsopiad lagend as the pangazou (warrior) whom carry an image of noble character and should be maintained in ethnic history. Thus, the main purpose of this paper is to analyzes the meaning of Monsopiad legend from the perspective of the Kadazandusun ethnic. A case study was conducted in Penampang district by applying the phenomenological approach. Data was collected through non-participating observation and in-depth interviews were conducted on 8 informants identified through purposive sampling. Idealist ontology as an research paradigm has been applied to gain knowledge about the legendary Monsopiad from the social reality of Kadazandusun. An epistemology using social constructivisme approach has been applied to elobrate the meaning of legend from research informant daily experience. The study found that the meaning of the Monsopiad legend is interpreted as a symbol of bravery and courage of their ancestors, spiritual believes, symbols of fertility in crops and the survival of Monsopiad heirs.

Keywords: ethnic identity, Kadazandusun, Monsopiad, pangazou, Penampang, phenomenology approach

https://doi.org/10.17576/geo-2017-1303-05