Strategi daya tindak penjaga pesakit mental di Perlis (Coping strategies of mentally ill family caregivers in Perlis)
Abstract
Penyakit mental tidak hanya memberi kesan kepada pesakit mental tetapi ia juga memberi impak kepada kehidupan ahli keluarga mereka. Menjaga ahli keluarga yang mengidap penyakit mental akan memberi tekanan dan beban yang besar terhadap penjaga keluarga. Kajian kualitatif ini bertujuan untuk meneroka strategi daya tindak yang digunakan oleh ahli keluarga yang bertindak sebagai penjaga kepada ahli keluarga mereka yang mengidap penyakit mental. Seramai lima belas (15) orang responden iaitu penjaga yang menjaga ahli keluarga mereka di negeri Perlis telah ditemubual dan mengambil bahagian dalam kajian ini secara sukarela. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa penjaga keluarga pesakit mental telah menggunakan beberapa strategi daya tindak bagi menjaga ahli keluarga mereka yang mengidap penyakit mental seperti pendekatan keagamaan, mendapatkan sokongan emosi, bersabar dan melibatkan diri dalam aktiviti riadah. Kajian ini mencadangkan agar penjaga keluarga melibatkan diri dalam kumpulan sokong bantu bagi membolehkan mereka untuk mendapatkan sokongan emosi dan maklumat yang diperlukan daripada penjaga lain yang mempunyai pengalaman yang sama dalam memberikan penjagaan terhadap pesakit mental. Selain itu, Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia juga perlulah berupaya untuk menyediakan latihan yang bersesuaian kepada semua penjaga yang memberi penjagaan terhadap ahli keluarga mereka yang mengidap penyakit mental. Latihan ini sememangnya penting bagi membolehkan penjaga keluarga menyediakan perkhidmatan penjagaan yang lebih baik terhadap ahli keluarga mereka yang mengidap penyakit mental.
Kata kunci: beban, penjaga keluarga, penyakit mental, pesakit mental, strategi daya tindak, tekanan
Mental illness does not only affect the mentally ill, but it also impacts the lives of their family members. Tending to a family member who suffers from mental illness can cause a significant amount of stress and burden on the family caregivers. This qualitative study aims to explore coping strategy used by family members who act as caregivers of their mentally ill members. A total of fifteen (15) respondents, focusing on the family caregivers, had voluntarily participated in this study. The findings indicated that the family caregivers took several coping strategies in taking care of their mentally ill members such as religious approach, emotional support, patience and recreational activity. This study suggests that the family caregivers should engage in support groups, which consist of individuals that have similar experience, in order for them to gain emotional support and to obtain necessary information in taking care of their mentally ill members. In addition, the Ministry of Health Malaysia is urged to provide suitable training to these affected family caregivers. Such training will be quite beneficial as it will help the family caregivers to better care of their family member who suffers from the mental illness.
Keywords: burden, family caregivers, mental illness, mentally ill patient, coping strategy, stress
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abdullah, F., Aun, N. S. M., Mohamad, M. S., & Saim, N. J. (2013). Fungsi keluarga dalam penjagaan pesakit mental: Kajian kes di Klinik Kesihatan Kg. Simee, Ipoh, Perak. Journal of Psychology and Human Development, 1, 57-72.
Bernama. (2011). Peningkatan jumlah pesakit mental di Malaysia selari ramalan WHO. Retrieved from http://www.sinarharian.com.
Creswell, J. W. (1998). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five traditions. Thousand Oaks, CA, Sage Publications.
Fisher, G. A., Benson, P. R., & Tessler, R. C. (1990). Family response to mental illness: Developments since deinstitutionalization. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R.S. (1980). An analysis of coping in a middle aged community sample. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 21, 219-239.
Franks, D. D. (1990). Economic contribution of families caring for persons with severe and persistent mental illness. Administration and Policy in Mental Health, 18, 9-18.
Goffman, E. (1963). Stigma: Notes on the management of spoiled identity. London, Prentice Hall.
Gubman, G. D., & Tessler, R. C. (1987). The impact of mental illness on families: Concepts and priorities. Journal of Family Issues, 8, 226-245.
Hassan, A., Yusooff, F., & Alavi, K. (2012). Keluarga sihat melahirkan komuniti sejahtera: Satu ulasan. Geografia Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 8 (5), 51–63.
Hatfield, A. (1979). The family as a partner in the treatment of mental illness. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 30, 338-340.
Hatfield, A. B., & Lefley, H. P. (2000). Helping elderly caregivers plan for the future care of a relative with mental illness. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 24 (2), 103-107.
Hatfield, A. B., & Lefley, H. P. (1993). Surviving mental illness: Stress, coping and adaptation. New York, USA, Guilford.
Judge, K. (1994). Serving children, siblings and spouse: Understanding the needs of other family members. New Jersey, Harwood Academic.
Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia. (2012). Penyakit mental. Retrieved from http://www.myhealth.gov.my
Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia. (2001). Akta Kesihatan Mental 2001. Retrieved from http://www2.moh.gov.my
Lee, T. T., Ziegel, J. K., Sommi, R., Sugar, C., Mahmoud, R., & Lenert, L. A. (2000). Comparison of preference for health outcomes in schizophrenia among stakeholder groups. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 34, 201-210.
Lefley, H. P. (1996). Family caregiving in mental illness. Thousand Oaks, CA, Sage.
Lefley, H. P. (2000). Cultural perspective on families, mental illness and the law International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 23 (3-4), 229-243.
Marsh, D. T. (1992). Families and mental illness: New directions in professional practice. NewYork: Praeger.
Marican, S. (2005). Kaedah penyelidikan Sains Sosial. Selangor, Pearson Prentice Hall.
Mohamad, M. S., Chong, S. T., Sarnon, N., Ibrahim, F., Alavi, K., & Akil, N. M. (2012). Manifestasi penjagaan keluarga: Tekanan psikologikal dalam menjaga pesakit mental. Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 7, 059-075.
Mohamad, M. S., Subhi, N., Ibrahim, F., & Alavi, K. (2015). Pengalaman keluarga menjaga pesakit mental: Satu kajian perbandingan komuniti bandar dan luar bandar di Perak dan Kedah. Geografia Malaysia Journal of Society and Space, 11 (9), 23-31.
Noh, S., & Avison, W. R. (1988). Spouses of discharged psychiatric patients: Factors associated with their experience of burden. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 50, 377-389.
Phyllis, M. E., Bertha, L., Davis, P., Hammond, V., Esther, H. C., & Zina, T. M. (2011). Coping strategies of family members of hospitalized psychiatric patients. Retrieved from file:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/394128.pdf.
Ram, M. M. (2013). 10% penduduk Malaysia diramal sakit mental menjelang 2020. Retrieved from http://www.themalaysianinsider.com.
Ram, M. M. (2013). Kerajaan akan latih lebih ramai pakar psikiatri rawat pesakit mental. Retrieved from http://my.news.yahoo.com.
Riper, M. V. (2007). Families of children with down syndrome: Responding to "a change in plans" with resilience. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 22 (2), 116-128.
Rose, L.E. (1997). Caring for caregivers: perceptions of social support. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 35 (2) 17-24.
Sangole, M. (2008). Impact of mental illness on family members/caregivers. Retrieved from http://www.kapc.or.ke.
Saunders, J.C. (2003). Families living with severe mental illness: A literature review. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 24, (2),175-198.
Staff, M. C. (2012). Mental illness. Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/basics/definition.
Stengler, K. W., Trosbach, J., Dietrich, S., & Angermeyer, M.C. (2004). Coping strategies used by the relatives of people with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Issues and Innovations in Nursing Practice, 48, 35-42.
Stewart, P. (2002). A report on mental illnesses in Canada. Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control. Ottawa, Ontario.
Sulaiman, N. A. (2016). Masalah kesihatan mental di Malaysia membimbangkan. Retrieved from http://www.bharian.com.
Thompson, E. H., & Doll, W. (1982). The burden of families coping with the mentally ill: An invisible crisis. Family Relations, 31, 379-388.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.