Bencana banjir dan tahap pengetahuan penduduk terhadap pengurusan banjir di Serian, Sarawak (Flood disaster and the resident’s level of knowledge on flood management in Serian, Sarawak)

Abstract

Abstrak

Bencana banjir merupakan fenomena yang terjadi samada secara mengejut atau tiba-tiba mahupun secara berperingkat atau mengambil masa. Oleh itu, tahap kesiapsiagaan penduduk dari masa ke semasa adalah penting bagi memastikan tahap risiko dan impak bencana banjir dapat dikurangkan. Artikel ini menghujahkan bahawa aspek pengurusan banjir di Sarawak memerlukan pengetahuan penduduk terhadap punca, proses dan kesan bagi mengurangkan risiko banjir terhadap mereka. Tujuan kajian ini dilakukan adalah untuk menilai tahap pengetahuan penduduk mengenai risiko, bahaya dan bencana banjir; mengkaji punca, proses dan kesan berlakunya bencana banjir dari sudut perspektif penduduk. Malah, kajian turut mengenalpasti pandangan dan cadangan bagi mengurangkan risiko dan kesan bencana banjir ke atas penduduk. Kawasan kajian memfokus kepada Daerah Serian, Sarawak. Kaedah kaji selidik telah digunakan dan hasil kajian dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif (peratusan, sisihan piawai, min dan mod) serta inferensi (perbandingan min). Hasil kajian mendapati majoriti penduduk mempunyai pengetahuan terhadap risiko, bahaya dan bencana banjir. Kebanyakan penduduk juga didapati peka akan punca, proses dan kesan berlakunya banjir di Serian, Sarawak. Mereka sedar akan aktiviti pembangunan yang berlaku di sekeliling mereka di samping peka akan masa surutnya banjir dan kemungkinan untuk air naik sekiranya hujan lebat berterusan melanda kawasan masing-masing. Selain itu, penduduk juga cenderung untuk melakukan penyesuaian terhadap kejadian banjir di samping memberikan cadangan dalam mengurangkan risiko dan impak bencana tersebut ke atas mereka.

Kata kunci: bahaya banjir, kesan banjir, punca banjir, risiko banjir, sistem pengurusan banjir, tahap pengetahuan penduduk

Abstract

Flood disaster is a phenomenon that occurs suddenly or gradually. Therefore, the level of preparedness among resident is really important and it has to be upgraded over time to reduce the risk and impact of the disaster. This article argues about the needs of flood disaster knowledge among the resident of Sarawak and it focused on the causes, process and effects of flood disaster. The objective of this study is to evaluate the level of flood disaster knowledge of Serian’s resident, Sarawak regarding the risks, hazard and flood disaster; to examine the causes, processes and impacts of flood disaster from the residents' perspectives; and to identify their perceptions and suggestions in reducing the risk and impacts of flood. The study area focuses on Serian disrict of Sarawak and the main source of data collected in this study is from the questionnaire survey method. Thesurvey data is analyzed using the descriptive analysis (percentage, standard deviation, mean and mode) and inferential analysis (comparison of means). The result of this study showed that the majority of the residents had knowledge on the risks, hazards and flood disasters including the awareness of causes, processes and impacts of floods in their area. They are also aware of the development activities which is happening around them as well as the rising and receding timing of floods in their respective areas. In addition, the residents also tend to adapt to the flood events as well as providing recommendations in reducing the risks and impacts of this disaster.

Keywords: flood hazard, flood effects, flood causes, flood risk, flood management system, residents’ knowledge

https://doi.org/10.17576/geo-2017-1304-03