Geometri dan peranannya dalam reka bentuk bandar Islamik (Geometry and its role in Islamic urban design)
Abstract
Abstrak
Geometri merupakan elemen utama yang digunakan bagi membina imej reka bentuk bandar Islamik bernilai estetik. Namun begitu, aplikasi bentuk bebas sebagai dasar dalam menyusun atur elemen perbandaran kurang mengutamakan fungsi dan nilai estetik reka bentuk geometri. Kesannya, susun atur elemen reka bentuk bandar yang tidak teratur, fungsi penggunaan ruang yang tidak optimum kepada pengguna dan kurang nilai estetik. Artikel ini membincangkan konsep geometri sebagai prinsip reka bentuk bandar Islamik dan penerapannya dalam konteks reka bentuk perbandaran. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mewujudkan reka bentuk ruang bandar yang mempunyai kualiti fungsi dan nilai estetik yang tinggi sebagai prinsip asas alam bina Islamik di Malaysia. Objektif kajian adalah mengenal pasti peranan dan fungsi geometri dalam reka bentuk bandar Islamik melalui kajian sejarah penciptaan matematik geometri dan corak geometri Islamik. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah penerokaan (exploratory) ulasan literatur berkaitan sejarah tamadun alam bina Islam yang melibatkan konsep, peranan dan fungsi geometri disokong oleh pemerhatian dan pengalaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kepentingan reka bentuk geometri dalam penghasilan reka bentuk bandar yang berfungsi dan bernilai estetik. Kajian ini menyumbang kepada pemahaman maksud, konsep dan tujuan aplikasi reka bentuk geometri yang perlu diterapkan di dalam membentuk imej dan identiti reka bandar berciri Islamik yang lebih menarik di Malaysia.
Kata kunci: bandar Islamik, geometri, identiti, imej, reka bentuk bandar, seni
Abstract
Geometry is the main element used in creating Islamic urban design with aesthetic value. However, the use of free form as a fundamental for structuring urban elements has given less emphasis on the function and aesthetic value of geometrical design. This results in an irregular layout of urban design elements, a non-optimal space usage function for users and less aesthetic value. This paper discusses the concept of geometry as the principle of Islamic city design and how it can be applied in the context of urban design. The aim of this study is to create an urban space design that has a high quality of function and aesthetic value as the basic principle of Islamic built environment in Malaysia. The objective of this study is to investigate the the roles and functions of geometry in the Islamic urban design though the history of mathematic geometry and Islamic geometrical patterns. This study uses exploratory methods of literature reviews related to the history of Islamic civilization history that involves concepts, roles and geometric functions supported by observation and experience. The literature review covers aspects of geometric history, Islamic geometrical pattern history and its function in urban design. The findings expressed the importance of geometric design in the production of functional cities with aesthetic value. This study contributes to the understanding of the meaning, concept and aim of geometric design applications that should be applied in building the image and identity of a more attractive Islamic city design in Malaysia.
Keywords: Islamic urban, geometry, identity, image, urban design, arts
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