Gambaran gender dalam buku teks bahasa Inggeris Malaysia (Gender images in Malaysian school English textbook)

Fuzirah Hashim, Bahiyah Abdul Hamid, Kesuma A. Bakar, Zarina Othman

Abstract


Imej sebenarnya merupakan pernyataan realiti dan berperanan dalam mewujudkan hubungan khayalan antara peserta dalam imej dan pembaca. Buku teks sekolah dipenuhi dengan imej visual yang kadang-kadang dapat mengartikulasikan makna sosial dan budaya yang lebih kuat dan jelas berbanding teks bertulis. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji dan menggambarkan corak makna representasi yang berkaitan dengan gender dalam imej buku teks bahasaInggeris Malaysia yang terpilih. Selain itu, kajian bertujuan mengkritik corak imej yang berkaitan dengan stereotaip gender dalam buku teks bahasaInggeris Malaysia. Analisis data telah mengenal pasti dan membincangkan perwakilan gender melalui ciri-ciri penulisan naratif, budaya dan kategori biologi serta suasana persekitaran. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan terdapat ketidakseimbangan gender yang jelas, iaitu keutamaan diberikan kepada lelaki. Domain yang diletakkan kepada peserta wanita biasanya di ruangan persendirian sedangkan peserta lelaki kebanyakannya diwakili di domain awam. Wanita lebih kerap dikaitkan dengan aktiviti di dalam rumah  manakala lelaki digambarkan terlibat dalam pelbagai aktiviti di luar rumah. Wanita turut digambarkan sebagai beremosi, sebaliknya  lelaki dicerminkan sebagai bersifat tenang, tegas dan berdaya saing. Oleh kerana sekolah dan buku teks merupakan salah satu kaedah keterlibatan kanak-kanak dalam bidang sosial, adalah penting untuk memastikan bahan pengajaran adalah adil dan tidak berat sebelah terhadap kedua-dua gender. Oleh itu, disarankan agar pihak yang terlibat dalam pengeluaran buku teks sekolah mengkaji semula gambaran lelaki dan wanita yang digambarkan dalam imej. Pihak ini juga perlu menyediakan senario dunia nyata dalam mendidik generasi muda supaya mempunyai minda yang tidak stereotaip berkenaan dengan perwakilan gender dalam konteks Malaysia untuk membantu dalam pembangunan bangsa dan negara.   

Kata kunci: analisis visual, buku teks sekolah, korpus, imej, semiotik sosial, stereotaip gender

Images are in fact representations of reality and are also instrumental in creating imaginary relations between the participants in the image and the viewers. School textbooks are abound with visual images that sometimes can articulate more forcefully social and cultural meanings more so than written texts. The objectives of this study are, to identify and discuss on patterns of representational meanings associated with gender and to critique the patterns of images in relation to gender stereotyping in a selected Malaysian English Primary school textbook. Data analysis identifies and describes gender representations through features of narrative, cultural and biological categorization and circumstance of setting.The findings reveal that there is a clear gender imbalance, and the priority is given to men. The domains placed on female participants are usually in the private space where male participants are mostly represented in the public domain. Women are more often associated with in-house activities while men are described to be involved in a variety of outdoor activities. Women are also portrayed as emotional; while men are reflected as calm, decisive and competitive.  Since schools and textbooks are one of the methods of involvement of children in the social field, it is important to ensure teaching materials are fair and unbiased towards both gender. It is therefore recommended that those involved in the production of school textbooks review the portrayal of men and women depicted in the images. They also need to provide real-world scenes in educating the younger generation not to have a stereotypical mind with regard to gender representation in the Malaysian context to assist in nation and country development.

Keywords: visual analysis, school textbooks, corpus, images, social semiotics, gender stereotyping





Keywords


analisis visual; buku teks sekolah; korpus; imej; semiotik sosial; stereotaip gender

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