Kualiti keusahawanan dalam kalangan usahawan kecil dan sederhana (Quality of entrepreneurship in small and medium entrepreneurs)

Mohd. Raiz Razuan, Zaimah R., Sarmila M.S., Abd Hair Awang

Abstract


Kualiti keusahawanan amat penting dalam menjamin kejayaan seseorang usahawan. Kualiti keusahawanan boleh diukur berdasarkan faktor keperibadian dan orientasi keusahawanan. Selain itu, pelbagai program pembangunan usahawan yang dilaksanakan oleh pihak berkepentingan boleh dijadikan kayu ukur kepada kualiti keusahawanan. Namun begitu, setiap usahawan tidak bersifat homogeneus kerana mereka mempunyai keperibadian, orientasi dan persekitaran yang berbeza antara satu sama lain. Objektif kajian adalah mengukur tahap kualiti keusahawanan dan mengenal pasti hubungan di antara faktor keperibadian, orientasi dan program pembangunan usahawan dengan kualiti keusahawanan yang dimiliki oleh usahawan kecil dan sederhana di Lembaga Kemajuan Johor Tenggara (KEJORA). Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kaedah survei. Sampel kajian adalah usahawan kecil dan sederhana yang berdaftar dengan KEJORA. Teknik persampelan rawak mudah digunakan dalam pemilihan sampel. Hasilnya, seramai 101 usahawan kecil dan sederhana terlibat dalam kajian ini. Instrumen pengutipan data adalah menggunakan borang soal selidik. Statistik diskriptif dan inferensi (korelasi Point-Biserial) digunakan bagi menjawab objektif kajian. Hasil kajian menunjukkan tahap kualiti keusahawanan usahawan adalah sederhana. Faktor keperibadian, orientasi dan program pembangunan usahawan didapati mempunyai hubungan dengan kualiti keusahawanan usahawan di KEJORA. Dalam pada itu, faktor orientasi didapati mempunyai hubungan paling penting dalam menetapkan tahap kualiti keusahawanan usahawan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahawa usahawan yang beroperasi di KEJORA mempunyai keupayaan keusahawanan sebenar. Sehubungan itu, pihak berkepentingan perlu memperbaiki program pembangunan sedia ada agar lebih menepati keperluan semasa usahawan di KEJORA. Golongan muda yang mempunyai kelulusan di peringkat universiti juga perlu digalakkan menjadi usahawan agar kualiti keusahawanan usahawan kecil dan sederhana boleh ditingkatkan.

Kata kunci: inisiatif, inovasi, kolaborasi, kualiti keusahawanan, perniagaan, usahawan

 

Quality of entrepreneurship is very essential in ensuring the success of an entrepreneur. Entrepreneurship quality can be measured based on personality and entrepreneurial orientation factors. In addition, entrepreneur development programs implemented by stakeholders can be used as a measure of entrepreneurial quality. However, every entrepreneur is not homogeneous because they have different personality, orientation and environment. The objective of the study is to measure the level of entrepreneurial quality and to identify the relationship between personality, orientation and entrepreneur development program with the entrepreneurial qualities of the small and medium entrepreneurs at the Southeast Johor Development Authority (KEJORA). This study uses a quantitative approach and a survey method is employed. Sample of research are the small and medium entrepreneurs registered with KEJORA. Simple random sampling techniques have been used in sample selection, resulting in 101 small and medium entrepreneurs being selected for this study. The data collection instrument is using questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics (Point-Biserial correlation) are used to answer the objective of the study. The results show that the entrepreneurship quality is moderate among the entreprenuer. The personality factor, orientation and entrepreneur development program are found to have a relationship with the entrepreneurial quality among entrepreneurs in KEJORA. The orientation factor is found to have the most important relationship in determining the entrepreneurial quality level of an entrepreneur. This shows that entrepreneurs operating in KEJORA have real entrepreneurial capabilities. In this regard, stakeholders should improve the development programs to better meet the current needs of the entrepreneurs in KEJORA. The youth with university qualification should also be encouraged to become entrepreneurs so that the entrepreneurial qualities of small and medium entrepreneurs can be improved.

Keywords: initiative, innovation, collaboration, entrepreneurship quality, business, entrepreneurs  


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