Kaedah tradisional dalam penghasilan beras oleh etnik Rungus (Traditional methods in rice production by the Rungus ethnic)
Abstract
Pertanian secara konvensional yang bercirikan kaedah tradisional amalan daripada nenek moyang sehingga kini masih diamalkan dan menggambarkan kearifan tempatan komuniti orang asal di beberapa daerah di Sabah. Tujuan utama kajian ini dilakukan adalah untuk mengenal pasti kaedah tradisional yang digunakan oleh etnik Rungus dalam penghasilan beras di daerah Pitas, Sabah. Selain itu, kajian turut meneliti elemen kearifan tempatan yang dimiliki oleh etnik Rungus dalam penghasilan beras di daerah ini. Kaedah kajian yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah kaedah kualitatif menggunakan kaedah temu bual dan pemerhatian yang ditafsir menggunakan transkrip verbatim dan analisis deskriptif. Hasil kajian yang diperoleh adalah berkaitan kaedah penghasilan beras secara tradisional dalam etnik Rungus di Kampung Kibulu, Pitas. Antara proses secara berperingkat tersebut adalah proses mongogis/mongulok, mongogoui/monidang, proses monutu/mongogiling, mangatap dan moniri. Antara ilmu kearifan tempatan yang menarik dalam penghasilan beras oleh kumpulan etnik ini adalah berkenaan penggunaan alat dan kaedah pertanian yang unik dan mempunyai ciri tersendiri seperti penggunaan linggaman dalam proses menuai padi serta kaedah mengasingkan padi daripada sekam padi yang begitu unik dengan menggunakan bahan-bahan terpakai. Ilmu kearifan tempatan yang digunakan dalam penghasilan beras dalam etnik Rungus di kawasan kajian amat berguna sebagai ilmu pertanian manual sekiranya penggunaan teknologi seperti kilang padi mengalami kerosakan ataupun tidak beroperasi. Kajian ini juga dapat membantu dalam mengekalkan warisan kaedah tradisional penghasilan beras oleh etnik Rungus supaya dapat dipelajari oleh generasi akan datang
Kata kunci: etnik Rungus, kaedah tradisional, kearifan tempatan, komuniti orang asal, penghasilan beras, pertanian.
Conventional agriculture characterized by the traditional methods of their ancestors, which reflects the local knowledge of the indigenous peoples, is still practiced in several districts in Sabah. The main purpose of this study was to identify the traditional methods used by the Rungus ethnic in rice production in the Pitas district of Sabah. Besides, the study also examines the element of local knowledge owned by the Rungus ethnic in producing rice in this area. The research method used in this study was a qualitative method using interview and interpretation observation using verbatim transcript and descriptive analysis. The results of the study were about traditional rice production methods in the Rungus ethnic in Kampung Kibulu, Pitas. Among the stages in the rice production are the process of mongogis/mongulok, mongogoui/monidang, process of monutu/mongogiling, mangatap and moniri. Among the interesting local knowledge of rice production by the ethnic is the use of unique tools and methods of farming and has its own characteristics such as the use of linggaman in the process of paddy harvesting and the unique method of separating rice from the rice husk by using re-used materials. The local knowledge applied in rice production in the Rungus ethnic in the study area is a useful manual agricultural knowledge, in the event if the use of technology such as rice mills were damaged or inoperable. Finally, this study helps in preserving the traditional methods of rice production by the Rungus ethnic and to be shared with and learned by future generations.
Keywords: Rungus ethnic, traditional methods, local knowledge, indigenous peoples, rice production, agriculture, Pitas, Sabah
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Adlina Ab. Rahman, Othman, N., Ismail, S.R., Jawan, J.A., & Ibrahim, N.N. (2013). Traditional knowledge and environmental conservation among indigenous people in Ranau, Sabah. Global Journal of Human-Social Science Research., 13(3), 5-11.
Ahmad Raflis Che Omar, Suraiya Ishak, Abd. Hair Awang, Mohd Yusof Hussain, Novel Lyndon, & Abdullah Sanusi Othman. (2016). Orang tengah dalam rantaian pengeluaran pekebun kecil kelapa sawit di Malaysia: Satu penemuan awal dari Perak. Geografia-Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 12(5), 161-170.
Alidri, A. (2016). Traditional wisdom in land use and resource management among the Lugbara of Uganda: A historical perspective. SAGE, 1-13.
Appell, G.N. (1972). Rungus Dusun ethnic groups of insular Southeast Asia. Vol. 1. In Lebar, F.M. (Ed.), Human relations area files. (pp. 150-163), New Haven.
Appell, G.N. (1986). Social anthropological research among the Rungus Dusun. A talk for the Sabah Society. 1-36.
Ashriq Fahmy Ahmad. (2012). Cabaran graduan usahawan tani. Retrieved from http://www.utusan.com.my
Bahauddin, A., Abdullah, A., & Maliki, N.Z. (2015). The Rungus longhouse of Sabah, Malaysian Borneo - A dying architecture. SHS Web of Conferences, (18).
Darzi-Naftchali, A., & Ritzema, H. (2018). Integrating irrigation and drainage management to sustain agriculture in northern Iran. Sustainability, 10(6), 1775.
Donney Fred Desmon, & Norjietta Julita Taisin. (2018). Local Knowledge on Agriculture of Kadazandusun Community in Sabah. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 3(3), 122-130.
Eva Kristin Larry Sait, Neilson Ilan Mersat, & Swee Kiong Wong. (2018). Preliminary observations on indigenous knowledge and the uses of natural resources in Banting and Padawan. Akademika, 88(3). 33-42.
Habibah Ahmad, Asmilah Hani Mohamad, Hamzah Jusoh, Mastura Mahmud, Hazita Azman, Norngainy Mohd Tawil, Shamshubaridah Ramlee, Ruhaiza Abu Bakar, & Amirah Muhammad Zin. (2017). Aset Pelancongan Luar Bandar dari Lensa Komuniti Lembah Beriah. Geografia-Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 13(1), 87-100.
Halib, M. (2004). Peranan tanaman padi dalam pembangunan pertanian di Malaysia: Analisis sejarah dan kontemporari. Jati-Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 9, 189-212.
Hasan, M.K., Ali, M.R., Saha, C.K., Alam, M.M., & Hossain, M.M. (2019). Assessment of paddy harvesting practices of Southern Delta Region in Bangladesh. Progressive Agriculture, 30, 57-64.
Jabil Mapjabil, Rosmiza Mohd Zainol & Norsuhana Abdul Hamid. (2018). Pertanian dan komuniti luar bandar. Penerbit UMS, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah.
Jasmi, K.A. (2012). Penyelidikan kualitatif dalam Sains Sosial. Kursus Penyelidikan Kualitatif, 1 (2012), 1-11.
Maine Suadik, & Yusten Karulus. (2010). Teknologi, perubahan amalam pertanian dan isu rasionaliti masyarakat petani di Sabah. Malaysia. Sosiohumanika, 3(1), 41-51.
Minah Sintian. (2018). Kearifan lokal dalam pertanian sebagai mekanisma pelestarian alam sekitar luar bandar. Jabil Mapjabil, Rosmiza Mohd Zainol, Norsuhana Abdul Hamid (ed.). Pertanian dan komuniti luar bandar. Penerbit UMS, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah.
Mohammad Shukri Majalin. (2011). Menjadi usahawan tani yang berjaya. Selangor, Penerbitan Melur.
Mohd Azlan Abdullah, Rosmiza Mohd Zainol., Rosniza Aznie Che Rose., & Amriah Buang. (2017). Mengungkap kelestarian pertanian kecil Melayu pada zaman penjajahan British. Geografia-Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 5(3), 76-87.
Mosher. (1966). Getting agriculture moving. New York, Development Council, Inc.
Neilson Ilan Mersat & Spencer Empading Sanggin. (2012). Migrasi, identiti dan kearifan tempatan: Kaum Iban di Sabah, Malaysia. Prosiding Simposium Bahasa dan Budaya Iban dan Folkor Malaysia, Fakulti Bahasa Komunikasi, UPSI.
Paul, P. (1997). Kemiskinan di kalangan kaum Rungus di daerah Kudat, Sabah (Phd dissertation). Retrieved from Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur.
Pengiran Bagul, A.H.B. (2005). Community-based ecotourism development and local community participation. In Kaye Chon (Ed.), One earth one family: Travel & tourism - Serving a higher purpose (pp. 6). 3rd Global Summit on Peace through Tourism - Education Forum. Pattaya, Thailand, October 2-5.
Potter, S H. (1979). Family life in Northern Thai village: A study in the structural significance of women. Berkeley, Universiti of California Press.
Raden Cecep Eka Permana, Isman Pratama Nasution, & Jajang Gunawijaya. (2011). Kearifan lokal tentang mitigasi bencana pada masyarakat Baduy. Makara, Sosial Humaniora, 15(1), 67-76.
Rahimah Abdul Aziz. (1986). Pepindahan teknologi ke sektor desa: Antara pelaksanaan dan keberkesanan. Akademika, 28, 1-16.
Veal, A.J. (2017). Research methods for leisure and tourism. Pearson, United Kingdom.
Warren D.M., & Rajasekaran, B. (1993). Putting local knowledge to good use. International Agriculture Development, 13, 8-10.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.