Spatial hotspot patterns of a home burglary in Penang

Tarmiji Masron, Mohd Norarshad Nordin, Nur Emyliana Yunos, Norita Jubit

Abstract


This study is based on property crime cases in the Northeast of Penang using GIS application for crime prevention. Studies based on the spatial elements showed that GIS application was able to reduce the crime issues. The purpose of this study is to identify the hotspots of home burglary based on time incident in Penang using GIS spatial statistics. Based on the report of house burglary cases from 2013 until 2015. Getis Ord Gi* was used to identify the high-risk areas of home burglary cases based on z-scores and p-values. The analysis shows that the areas of the hot spot cases of home burglary are the same for night and day incidents. In 2013, the hot spot areas at night were 7 areas, and during the day only 1 incident was identified. Hot spot increases in 2014 to 9 areas for nighttime incidents while daytime events also increased to 10 areas. While 2015 showed that the number of hot spots that occurred at night reduced to 5 areas and daytime incidents also recorded the same number of hot spots during the night incidents. Hot spot areas also frequently identified in urban areas and high population density such as Jelutong, Dato Keramat, Tanjung Tokong dan Sungai Nibong. The result showed that hotspots of home burglary are more concentrated in residential areas with good road network accessibility. This study can assist the authorities such as the Royal Malaysia Police (RPM) in preventing and reducing the crime index by using GIS applications.

Keywords: burglary, GIS, z-score, p-value, hotspots, sector, police station


Full Text:

PDF

References


Ahmad Tarmizi Abd Rahman, Nor-Ina Kanyo, Norizan Hj. Mohd. Nor, Norhuda Salleh, Norita Anak Jubit, Siti An-Nur Arsyi Lajimin & Norcikeyonn Samuni. (2017). Pelakuan jenayah harta benda di kawasan hotspot di Sabah: Satu penemuan. Jurnal Komunikasi Borneo, edisi khas (Konvokesyen ke-19 UMS), 104-116. (in Malay)

Arnesson, A., & Lewenhagen, K. (2018). Comparison and prediction of temporal hotspots maps. Retrieved from https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1228347/FULLTEXT01.pdf

BERNAMA. (2019, August). PDRM kaji semula elemen jenayah indeks. Retrieved from http://www.bernama.com/state-news/beritabm.php?id=1762391 (in Malay)

Boldt, M., & Borg, A. (2017). A statistical method for detecting significant temporal hotspots using LISA statistics. 2017 European Intelligence and Security Informatics Conference (EISIC), Athens, pp. 123-126. doi: 10.1109/EISIC.2017.24.

Choate, C. (2015). A spatial statistical analysis of the effect of gentlemen’s clubs on crime in the city of Los Angeles (Master thesis). Retrieved from California State University Northridge.

Department of Statistics Malaysia. (2015). Buletin Perangkaan Sosial. Retrieved from https://newss.statistics.gov.my/newss-portalx/ep/epLogin.seam (in Malay)

Department of Statistics Malaysia. (2017). eStatistic. Retrieved from https://newss.statistics. gov.my/newss-portalx/ep/epProductFreeDownloadSearch.seam

ESRI. (2005). How hot spot analysis: Getis-Ord Gi* (spatial statistics) works. Retrieved from http://resources.esri.com/help/9.3/arcgisengine/java/gp_toolref/spatial_statistics_tools/how_hot_spot_analysis_colon_getis_ord_gi_star_spatial

Hedayati, M., Abdullah, A., & Maghsoodi Tilaki, M. (2019). The impact of the physical environmenton residents’ self-rated health: A casestudy in Penang, Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Sustainable Environment, 6(1), 109-127.

Hillier, B. (2004). Can streets be made safe? Urban Design International, 9(1), 31-45.

Kleemans, E.R. (2018). Repeat burgalry victimization: Result of empirical research. Crime Prevention Studies, 12, 53-68.

Ling Ta, T. (2016). Managing high-rise residential building in Malaysia: Where are we? 2nd Naprec Conference (pp. 1-25). Kajang, Selangor: INSPEN.

Liu, H., Zhu, X., Zhang, D., & Liu, Z. (2019). Investigating contextual effects on burglary risks: A contextual effects model built based on bayesianspatial modeling strategy. International Journal of Geo-Information, 8(448), 2-17.

Luo, J. (2017). Multi-spatiotemporal patterns of residential burglary crimes in Chicago: 2006-2016. ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, IV-4/W2, 193-198. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-IV-4-W2-193-2017

Mahfoud, M., Bhulai, S., & Van Der Mai, R. (2017). Spatial-temporal modeling for residential burglary. 6th International Conference on Data Analytics, November 12-16 (pp. 59-64). Barcelona (Spain): IARIA.

Mburu, L., & Bakillah, M. (2016). Modeling spatial interactions between areas to assess the burglary risk. International Journal of Geo-Information, 5(4):47, 1-16.

Mohamed, A.K. (2019). Bandar bebas jenayah. Jabatan Pembangunan Bandar dan Desa Negeri Selangor. Retrieved from http://www.jpbdselangor.gov.my/keratan-akhbar-galerimenu-118/440-article-keratan-akhbar.html (in Malay)

Mohd Norarshad Nordin & Tarmiji Masron. (2016). Analisis ruangan hotspot penyalahgunaan dadah di Malaysia: Kajian kes Daerah Timur Laut, Pulau Pinang. Geografia-Malaysian Journal of Society and Space 12(5), 74-82. (in Malay)

Nandri, V. (2018). Belanjawan Pulau Pinang 2018. Retrieved from https://www.penang.gov.my/ dmedia/360024-belanjawan-pulau-pinang-2018 (in Malay)

Norita Jubit, Tarmiji Masron, Mohd Norarshad Nordin & Danggat Chabo. (2019). Aplikasi GIS dalam mengenal pasti kawasan hot spot jenayah harta benda di Kuching, Sarawak. Geografia-Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 15(4), 30-49. (in Malay)

Olajuyigbe, A., Adegboyega, S.A.-A., & Adenigba, A.D. (2015). Spatial analysis of factors responsible for spread of crime activities in Akure, Nigeria, using gis techniques. International Journal of Criminology and Sociological Theory, 8(1), 1-19.

Prime Minister's Department of Malaysia. (2014). Laporan tahunan GTP. Retrieved from https://www.apad.gov.my/sites/default/files/GTP_AR2014_BM.pdf (in Malay)

Siti Norul Huda Abdullah, Farah Aqilah Bohani, Zakree Ahmad Nazri, Yasmin Jeffry, Mohammed Ariff Abdullah, Md Nawawi Junoh & Zainal Abidin Kasim. (2018). Pengecaman kemudahan awam sekitar lokasi jenayah kormesial bersiri di Lembah Klang dan Kuala Lumpur menggunakan kaedah Gugusan K-Means. Jurnal Teknologi, 80(4), 45-53. (in Malay)

Siti Rasidah Md Sakip & Abdullah Aldrin. (2008). Bimbang terhadap jenayah menjejaskan kualiti kehidupan manusia sejagat. Seminar Penyelidikan Siswazah Alam Bina, FSPU UiTM (Perak), Disember 2008. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 262380078_Seminar_Bimbang_Terhadap_Jenayah_Menjejaskan_Kualiti_Kehidupan_Manusia_Sejagat (in Malay)


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.