Impak perusahaan sosial terhadap pembangunan komuniti rentan dan alam sekitar di Malaysia (Impact of social enterprise to the vulnerable community development and environment in Malaysia)
Abstract
Perusahaan sosial adalah merupakan satu model menyelesaikan pelbagai masalah menerusi elemen perusahaannya yang banyak diaplikasikan oleh seluruh dunia bagi membangunkan kesejahteraan komuniti sejagat. Keadaan ini juga menjadikan perusahaan sosial ini dapat menyumbang kepada sesebuah komuniti menerusi matlamat yang dibangunkan dalam perusahaan sosial tersebut. Namun begitu, sejauh manakah perusahaan sosial dapat menyumbang kepada sesebuah komuniti seperti membendung ketidaksamaan sosial adalah perlu dikaji. Oleh itu, objektif artikel ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti impak perusahaan sosial terhadap komuniti di Malaysia. Kajian ini merupakan suatu kajian awalan dan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif menerusi kaedah temu bual bersemuka. Temu bual bersemuka dijalankan bersama tiga informan pemilik perusahaan sosial. Naratif temu bual dianalisis menggunakan kaedah tematik dengan bantuan perisian Atlas.ti. Hasil kajian telah mengenal pasti 31 tema asas, lapan tema utama, dan tiga kategori. Tiga kategori yang dikenal pasti dalam mencapai objektif termasuk a) menerusi membantu golongan rentan, b) meningkatkan ekonomi menerusi peningkatan pendapatan, serta c) membantu dalam memelihara dan memulihara alam sekitar. Namun, hasil dapatan menerusi kategori tersebut tidak mencakupi keseluruhan aspek terutama sekali bagi impak dalam aspek kebajikan yang boleh lagi dipertingkatkan. Hasil analisis tersebut turut mendapati matlamat perusahaan sosial kurang menekankan isu bagi membendung ketidaksamaan sosial. Sesebuah perusahaan sosial tidak mempunyai masalah sekiranya mereka hanya memberi impak tertentu untuk jangka masa pendek. Walau bagaimanapun, bagi jangka masa panjang, matlamat tanggungjawab sosial pengusaha terhadap kebajikan masyarakat dan ketidaksamaan sosial adalah disyorkan dikembangkan melalui instrumen inovasi sosial.
Kata kunci: Inovasi sosial, ketidaksamaan sosial, komuniti rentan, pembangunan komuniti, pembasmian kemiskinan, tanggungjawab sosial
Social enterprise is a model of solving various problems through its enterprise elements that are widely applied by the whole world to develop the well-being of the global community. This situation also makes this social enterprise can contribute to a community through the goals developed in the social enterprise. However, how well does this enterprise contribute to the development of a community such as curbing social injustice are subjected to explore. Therefore, the objective of this article is to identify the impact of the social enterprises to the community in Malaysia. This study is a preliminary study and uses a qualitative approach through face-to-face interview methods. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with three informants of social enterprise owners. Interview narratives were analyzed using thematic methods with the help of Atlas.ti software. The results of the study have identified 31 basic themes, eight main themes, and three emerging categories. The three categories that have been identified in achieving the objectives include a) through helping the vulnerable, b) improving the economy through increasing income, as well as c) assisting in preserving and conserving the environment. However, the findings through these categories do not cover the whole aspect, especially for contributions in the welfare aspect that can be further enhanced. The results of the analysis also found that the goal of social enterprise is less emphasis on issues to curb social inequality. A social enterprise has no problem if they only make certain contributions for a short period of time. However, in the long run, the goals of entrepreneurs' social responsibility towards social welfare and social inequality are recommended to be developed through social innovation instruments.
Keywords: Social innovation, social injustice, vulnerable community, community development, poverty elimination, social responsibility,
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