Spesifikasi ruang dalam kata kerja deiktik datang dan pergi (Spatial specification in deictic verbs datang and pergi)

Maslida Yusof, Karim Harun

Abstract


Makalah ini meneliti kata kerja deiktik datang dan pergi sebagai spesifikasi ruang dalam bahasa Melayu. Kata kerja deiktik yang juga dipanggil sebagai kata kerja gerak deiktik merujuk kepada mana-mana kata kerja yang menandakan arah bagi sesuatu entiti sedang bergerak seperti datang dan pergi. Justeru dalam usaha untuk memahami komponen deiktik dalam kata kerja gerak datang dan pergi, maka kajian ini mengambil 100 konkordans kata kerja datang dan 100 konkordans kata kerja pergi daripada Pangkalan Data Korpus Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Dalam menganalisis kata kerja gerak deiktik datang dan pergi, kajian ini menggunakan Model Talmy yang berasaskan kepada konsep pusat deiktik. Pusat deiktik merupakan titik rujukan yang ekspresi deiktik bergantung kepadanya. Berdasarkan data daripada korpus bahasa Melayu, kata kerja pergi menunjukkan makna “BERGERAK KE ARAH” titik yang bukan merupakan lokasi penutur/peserta. Manakala makna leksikal kata kerja datang adalah “GERAK KE (ARAH)”  titik yang merupakan lokasi penutur. Selain itu, analisis data korpus juga dapat menjelaskan bahawa kata kerja gerak datang berdasarkan orientasi perspektif−ketibaan sedangkan kata kerja gerak pergi berdasarkan orientasi perspektif−perlepasan. Kajian ini secara tidak langsung menunjukkan kelas kata kerja gerak bahasa Melayu sebagaimana bahasa-bahasa lain yang telah dikaji mengandungi secara asasnya Objek, pergerakannya melalui Laluan yang berhubungan dengan objek yang lain (Tanda Tempat).

Kata kunci: Kata kerja deiktik, kata kerja gerak, datang, pergi, pusat diektik, ruang

This paper examines the deictic verb datang (come) and pergi (go) as spatial specifications in Malay language. A deictic verb which is also called a deictic motion verb refers to any verb that indicates the direction for an entity is moving such as datang and pergi. Thus to understand the deictic component in the motion verbs of datang and pergi, this study utilizes 100 concordances of the verbs of datang and 100 concordances of the verbs of pergi from the Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Corpus Database. In analysing the deictic motion verbs datang and pergi, this study employs Talmy’s model which based on the concept of the deictic centre. The deictic centre is the reference point to which the deictic expression is anchored to. Based on data from the corpus, the verb pergi show the meaning of “MOVING TOWARDS” to a point that is not the location of speakers/participants. While the lexical meaning of the verb datang is “MOVE TO (DIRECTION)” the point which is the location of the speaker. In addition, corpus data analysis can also explain that motion verbs datang is based on perspective−arrival orientation while motion verbs pergi is based on perspective−departure orientation. As other languages which have been studied, this study implies that the motion verbs in Malay contain basically Objects (The Figure), and its movement through a Path (the Path) which is associated with another object (the Ground).             

Keywords: Deictic verbs, motion verbs, datang (come), pergi (go), deictic centre, spatial

 


Keywords


Kata kerja deiktik; kata kerja gerak; datang; pergi; pusat diektik; ruang

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References


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