Pemakaian Lesen Pendudukan Sementara dalam memperuntukkan keselamatan pegangan tanah: Satu keperluan terhadap Pendekatan Pembangunan Manusia (The application of Temporary Occupation License in providing land tenure security: The need for a Human Development Approach)

Kiky Kirina Abdillah, Azima Abdul Manaf, Abd Hair Awang

Abstract


Perumahan yang selamat merupakan salah satu komponen penting jaminan penghidupan. Namun bagi golongan isi rumah berpendapatan rendah di bandar, ia menjadi satu cabaran kerana kekangan yang dihadapi dari segi akses bagi mendapatkan tanah yang selamat, sesuai serta mampu milik. Artikel ini bertujuan membincangkan isu keselamatan pemilikan tanah dalam kalangan isi rumah yang tidak memiliki hak pemunyaan ke atas tanah. Ia dianalisis dengan menggunakan instrumen pemilikan tanah yang dikenali sebagai Lesen Pendudukan Sementara (LPS) yang mengandungi elemen-elemen normatif Pendekatan Pembangunan Manusia. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan data sekunder yang diperoleh daripada dokumen rasmi dari institusi-institusi pembangunan dunia serta kajian lepas. Hasil kajian mendapati, penerapan prinsip-prinsip Pendekatan Pembangunan Manusia melalui pemakaian LPS mampu memperuntukkan keselamatan pemilikan tanah kepada isi rumah melalui dua cara. Pertama, membekalkan jaminan perlindungan kepada isi rumah daripada tindakan pengusiran oleh pihak berkuasa atau pihak ketiga melalui penerapan prinsip ekuiti yang memberi peluang kepada isi rumah mendapatkan akses kepada tanah milik kerajaan secara sah. Kedua, membekalkan keyakinan kepada isi rumah untuk menggunakan tanah secara aman dan mengaut faedah daripada pelaburan yang dilakukan ke atas tanah tersebut. Di sini, prinsip kecekapan memberi peluang isi rumah menggunakan tanah berdasarkan keupayaan sumber manusia dan kewangan yang dimiliki, pemerkasaan membolehkan isi rumah membuat keputusan berhubung isu perumahan dan penaiktarafan pemilikan manakala kemampanan pula membolehkan rakyat dan pihak berkuasa mencapai objektif pembangunan yang memberi faedah kepada semua. Secara keseluruhan, kajian ini menyimpulkan bahawa penerapan Pendekatan Pembangunan Manusia dalam konteks pentadbiran tanah mampu membekalkan keselamatan pemilikan tanah kepada golongan isi rumah berpendapatan rendah di bandar.

 

Housing security is one of the essential components of secure livelihood. However, in urban areas, it becomes a challenge to the lower-income households due to their inaccessibility to proper, secure and affordable land for housing. This study takes a closer look on the issue of land tenure security among non-landowners through the application of a land instrument known as the Temporary Occupation License (TOL) which contained several principles of the Human Development Approach. This study employs content analysis of secondary data obtained from official documents of world development institutions as well as past research. Findings showed that application of the principles of the Human Development Approach embedded within TOL results in enhanced land tenure security to urban low-income households in two forms. Firstly, protecting them against the threat of eviction through the principle of equity in which TOL provides opportunity for non-landowners with legal access to state land. Secondly, assuring the households that they are able to gain benefits of labor and capital invested in land. For instance, the principle of efficiency allows households to utilize land according to their financial and human resource capabilities; empowerment allows them to make decisions pertaining to housing and tenure upgrading, whereas sustainability allows citizens and authority to achieve developmental results that benefits both parties. The study concludes that the pursuit of the Human Development Approach through the usage of TOL can indeed enhance land tenure security for urban low-income households.

Keywords: low-income households, land tenure security, Temporary Occupation License (TOL), Human Development Approach, land administration, urban housing.


Keywords


isi rumah berpendapatan rendah; keselamatan pegangan tanah; Lesen Pendudukan Sementara (LPS); Pendekatan Pembangunan Manusia; pentadbiran tanah; perumahan bandar

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