Petunjuk persekitaran sebagai indikator ramalan cuaca berasaskan kearifan tempatan dalam komuniti tani sara hidup (Environmental indicators as weather forecastings based on local wisdom amongs subsistence farming communities)
Abstract
Amalan meramal cuaca berasaskan petunjuk persekitaran merupakan satu kemahiran yang didapati dalam sesuatu komuniti termasuklah komuniti tani sara hidup. Kebergantungan kearifan tempatan melalui sumber alam sebagai petunjuk dalam ramalan cuaca membantu komuniti tani sara hidup menjalankan aktiviti pertanian dengan lebih teratur dan seiring dengan perubahan alam yang berlaku. Kearifan tempatan melalui amalan meramal cuaca berdasarkan petunjuk persekitaran dilihat mempunyai kekuatan dan kepentingannya tersendiri dalam aktiviti pertanian sara hidup. Oleh itu, kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti dan mengkaji praktis amalan meramal cuaca berasaskan petunjuk astronomi, tingkah laku haiwan, perubahan pada tumbuhan dan elemen fizikal. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui pengkaji sebagai instrumen kajian. Kajian ini menggunakan teknik temu bual semi berstruktur dan pemerhatian turut serta di lapangan. Seramai sebelas informan ditentukan secara persampelan purposive. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa amalan meramal cuaca berasaskan petunjuk persekitaran diamalkan komuniti tani sara hidup. Petunjuk ramalan astronomi dan perubahan tingkah laku haiwan digunakan komuniti tani sara hidup dalam meramal cuaca. Perubahan pada awan, bulan dan matahari membantu komuniti tani membuat ramalan cuaca. Pada masa yang sama, keupayaan kearifan tempatan dalam amalan meramal cuaca dilihat lebih didominasi dalam kalangan komuniti tani yang lebih berusia dan menjalankan pertanian sara hidup dalam tempoh masa yang lama. Kajian juga mendapati kearifan tempatan ini turut diketahui sebilangan komuniti tempatan walaupun komuniti ini tidak menjalankan aktiviti pertanian sara hidup. Kajian ini sekali gus membantu dalam mengekalkan warisan kaedah berasaskan kearifan tempatan supaya dapat dipelajari generasi akan datang.
Kata kunci: Kearifan tempatan, komuniti tani sara hidup, petunjuk persekitaran, ramalan cuaca
The practice of weather forecasting based on environmental indicators is a skill found in a community, including subsistence farming communities. The reliance on local wisdom through natural resources as an indicator in the weather forecast helped the subsistence farming community to carry out agricultural activities in a more orderly manner and in line with the changes in nature. Local wisdom through the practice of weather forecasting based on environmental indicators is seen to have its own strengths and importance in subsistence agricultural activities. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify and examine the practice of weather forecasting practices based on astronomical indicators, animal behavior, changes in plants and physical elements. This study used a qualitative approach through the researcher as a research instrument. This study used semi-structured interview and field participatory observation. A total of eleven informants were determined by purposive sampling. The results of the study found that the practice of weather forecasting based on environmental indicators is practiced by subsistence farming communities. Astronomical forecasting indicators and changes in animal behavior are used by subsistence farming communities in weather prediction. Changes in the clouds, moon and sun helped farming communities make weather forecasts. At the same time, the ability of local wisdom in the practice of weather forecasting is seen to be more dominant among older farming communities and engaged in subsistence farming over a long period of time. This study found that local wisdom known to some local communities even though these communities carry out subsistence farming activities. This study helped in preserving the heritage of methods based on local wisdom so that it can be learned by future generations.
Key words: Local wisdom, subsistence farming communities, environmental indicators, weather forecastings
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