Variasi vokal dan diftong Bahasa Melanau Sarawak (Variations of vowel and diphthongs in the Language of Melanau Sarawak)
Abstract
Kajian ini melihat variasi vokal dan diftong bahasa yang wujud dalam bahasa Melanau di Sarawak. Tujuh kawasan bahasa Melanau yang telah dipilih bagi kajian ini ialah Melanau kawasan Mukah (MKM), Matu (MKMT), Dalat (MKDT), Igan (MKI), Oya (MKO), Balingian (MKB), dan Daro (MKDA). Hasil variasi turut dibuat pengelompokan. Pendekatan yang dimanfaatkan dalam kajian ini adalah pendekatan struktural. Pendekatan ini dipilih atas dasar keupayaannya menggambarkan persamaan dan perbezaan beberapa ciri bunyi yang wujud dalam bahasa Melanau di kawasan kajian. Dari segi bunyi kajian ini meneliti penyebaran vokal pada posisi awal, tengah, dan akhir kata dalam ketujuh-tujuh kawasan kajian. Kajian ini mendapati berdasarkan kesejajaran dalam perkataan tertentu dan pada posisi tertentu, bunyi vokal [i] pada posisi akhir kata sejajar dengan [ey] dan [e], bunyi [u] pada posisi akhir kata sejajar dengan [-o, -aw, -oW, -], manakala bunyi [e] pada posisi akhir kata sejajar dengan [-i, -ay, -E], bunyi [E] sejajar dengan [i, e, ay], dan bunyi [a] sejajar dengan [«] dan [ah]. Justeru, varian dialek Melanau di tujuh kawasan kajian ini dapat diklasifikasikan kepada tiga kelompok besar iaitu pertama, kelompok Matu-Daro, kedua, kelompok Mukah-Igan-Oya-Dalat, dan ketiga kelompok Balingian.
Kata kunci: Kualitatif, Melanau, struktural, variasi, vokal
This study looks at the vowel and diphthong variations that exist in Melanau languages in Sarawak. The seven Melanau language areas that have been selected for this study are the Melanau areas of Mukah (MKM), Matu (MKMT), Dalat (MKDT), Igan (MKI), Oya (MKO), Balingian (MKB), and Daro (MKDA). Variation results are also grouped. The approach used in this study is a structural approach. This approach was chosen based on its ability to describe the similarities and differences of some sound characteristics that exist in the Melanau language in the study area. In terms of sound, this study examines the spread of vowels at the beginning, middle, and end of words in the seven study areas. This study found that based on alignment in certain words and in certain positions, the vowel sound [i] at the end of the word is aligned with [ey] and [e], the sound [u] at the end of the word is aligned with [-o, -aw, -oW, -], while the sound [e] at the end of the word is aligned with [-i, -ay, -E], the sound [E] is aligned with [i, e, ay], and the sound [a] is aligned with [ «] and [ah]. Thus, the Melanau dialect variants in the seven study areas can be classified into three large groups, namely the first, the Matu-Daro group, the second, the Mukah-Igan-Oya-Dalat group, and the third, the Balingian group.
Keywords: Qualitative, Melanau, structural, variation, vowels
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