Daya tahan usahawan Perusahaan Mikro, Kecil dan Sederhana (PMKS) semasa pandemik COVID-19 (Resilience of Micro, Small and Medium Entrepreneurs (MSMEs) during the COVID-19 pandemic)

Abstract

Pandemik Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) dan Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan (PKP) yang ketat telah memberi kesan buruk kepada aktiviti perniagaan Perusahaan Mikro, Kecil dan Sederhana (PMKS) sehingga menyebabkan kerugian kewangan yang besar kepada PMKS sekaligus menjejaskan sumbangan PMKS kepada Keluaran Dalam Negara Kasar (KDNK). Maka, daya tahan usahawan PMKS dalam meneruskan perniagaan semasa pandemik COVID-19 amat penting bagi kelangsungan perniagaan mereka. Kebolehan seseorang usahawan PMKS menguruskan perniagaan semasa pandemik COVID-19 boleh diukur melalui keupayaan dalaman dan luaran yang boleh diterjemahkan melalui modal insan, orientasi keusahawanan dan modal sosial. Justeru, objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji tahap daya tahan PMKS semasa pandemik COVID-19, mengkaji tahap modal insan, orientasi keusahawanan dan modal sosial bagi usahawan PMKS semasa pandemik COVID-19 dan menganalisis hubungan antara modal insan, orientasi keusahawanan dan modal sosial dengan daya tahan usahawan PMKS semasa pandemik COVID-19. Kajian kuantitatif ini menggunakan edaran soal selidik secara Google Form melalui aplikasi WhatsApp melibatkan 402 responden yang terdiri daripada PMKS yang telah berdaftar dengan SSM, SKM, PBT, Badan Profesional dan JPPM. Data diperolehi dianalisis merangkumi kekerapan, peratus, min dan sisihan piawai digunakan untuk menjawab objektif pertama dan kedua. Manakala analisis inferensi Korelasi Pearson digunakan untuk menjawab objektif ketiga. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa tahap daya tahan usahawan PMKS semasa pandemik COVID-19 berada pada tahap tinggi. Manakala, tahap modal insan, orientasi keusahawanan dan modal sosial juga berada pada tahap tinggi. Selain itu, terdapat hubungan sederhana yang signifikan antara modal insan, orientasi keusahawanan dan modal sosial dengan daya tahan usahawan PMKS semasa pandemik COVID-19. Cadangan penambahbaikan dan saranan untuk kajian masa hadapan telah dibincangkan agar hasil kajian memberi sumbangan kepada semua pihak yang berkepentingan dan menyumbang kepada cabang pengetahuan ilmu baharu.

Kata kunci: Daya tahan usahawan, keusahawanan, modan insan, modal sosial, orientasi keusahawanan

The 2019 Coronavirus Disease Pandemic (COVID-19) and the strict Movement Control Order (MCO) have had a negative impact on the business activities of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and caused huge financial losses to MSMEs as well as affecting the contribution of MSMEs to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Accordingly, the resilience of PMKS entrepreneurs in continuing their business during the COVID-19 pandemic is very important for the survival of their business. The ability of a PMKS entrepreneur to manage a business during the COVID-19 pandemic can be measured through internal and external capabilities that can be translated through human capital, entrepreneurial orientation and social capital. Therefore, the objective of this study is to examine the level of resilience of PMKS during the COVID-19 pandemic, examine the level of human capital, entrepreneurial orientation and social capital for PMKS entrepreneurs during the COVID-19 pandemic and analyze the relationship between human capital, entrepreneurial orientation and social capital with the resilience of PMKS entrepreneurs during the COVID-19 pandemic. A quantitative method using simple sampling techniques was done by distributing a Google Form questionnaire through the WhatsApp application involving 402 respondents consisting of PMKS registered with SSM, SKM, PBT, Professional Bodies and JPPM. The data obtained was analyzed including frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation used to answer the first and second objectives. While Pearson Correlation inference analysis is used to answer the third objective. The findings of the study show that the level of resilience of PMKS entrepreneurs during the COVID-19 pandemic is at a high level. Meanwhile, the level of human capital, entrepreneurial orientation and social capital are also at a high level. There is a significant moderate relationship between human capital, entrepreneurial orientation and social capital with the resilience of PMKS entrepreneurs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Suggestions for improvement and recommendations for future studies have been discussed so that the results of the study contribute to all interested parties and contribute to new knowledge.

Keywords: Entrepreneur resilience, entrepreneurship, modern man, social capital, entrepreneurial orientation