Perpindahan Ibu Kota Jakarta Ke Kalimantan: Peranan Masyarakat Pantai Timur Sabah dalam Meminimumkan Impak Keselamatan Nasional (Jakarta Capital’s Shift To Kalimantan: The Role of Sabah’s East Coast Community In Minimising National Security Impact)

Abstract

This study analyzes the impact of Indonesia’s capital relocation from Jakarta to Kalimantan on the communities along the East Coast of Sabah, Malaysia. It is undeniable that both countries have signed several agreements related to border security control, such as the Basic Agreement on Border Crossing1967, the Malaysia-Indonesia Border Trade Agreement 1970, the Joint Demarcation and Joint Land Border Survey 1973, and the Border Sea Trade Agreement 1973. However, issues like smuggling of goods, drugs, and human trafficking remain significant. Give these factors, the relocation of the capital from Jakarta to Kalimantan has the potential to increase smuggling, human trafficking, and the opening of new illegal routes, which could threaten the stability and security of both nations. This study, therefore raises two research questions: (1) What types of cross-border security issues threaten the relocation of the new capital, Ibu Kota Nusantara (IKN), along Malaysia-Indonesia’s land and maritime borders? (2) What alternative solutions can address cross-border security issues in both countries? The study applies the concept of the Grey Area Phenomenon (GAP), which analyses non-traditional issues in the post-Cold War era. To obtain more comprehensive findings, this research employs qualitative methods, including literature reviews and structured interviews. The findings indicate that border control involves not only the governments of both nations but also the role of local communities. This includes providing information to the government on smuggling and piracy activities, particularly from those living in the border areas between the two countries, as part of the efforts to reduce security threats.