Potensi Pengintegrasian Diat ke dalam Tuntutan Pampasan Kemalangan Jalan Raya di Malaysia (The Potential of Intergration of Diat into Road Accident Compensation Claim in Malaysia)

Abstract

Road accident victims certainly have the right to claim compensation for their damages. However, the compensation claim system in Malaysia has not been able to protect all victims involved. Even after the court has decided a case, it is still found that the victim failed or was prevented from making a claim against the insurer due to the fact that some of the victims were not included in the third-party listing under Section 91 of the Road Transport Act 1987. Another possible reason for the victim’s failure to seek compensation is ownership of an inactive insurance policy. Meanwhile, the victim of a hit-and-run accident also failed to claim compensation for the loss or injury he suffered. The above failure scenario means that the victim fails to obtain justice properly. Therefore, this study was conducted to look into the compensation aspects of the loss caused by road accidents in Malaysia as well as alternative methods implemented under the Diat system. The method used in collecting data is through observation, semi-structured interview and bibliography studies. The data obtained were analysed by comparison and content. The findings show that the Islamic compensation system provides high value funds through special funds as an alternative to compensating victims who failed to obtain compensation from the aqilah / insurance.

Abstrak

Mangsa kemalangan jalan raya sememangnya mempunyai hak untuk membuat tuntutan pampasan atas kerugian yang mereka alami. Namun, sistem tuntutan pampasan di Malaysia belum mampu melindungi kesemua mangsa yang terlibat. Walaupun setelah pihak mahkamah memutuskan sesuatu kes, didapati masih terdapat mangsa yang gagal atau terhalang daripada membuat tuntutan kepada pihak insurans berikutan sebahagian mangsa tidak termasuk dalam senarai pihak ketiga menurut Seksyen 91 Akta Pengangkutan jalan 1987. Satu lagi sebab yang boleh mengakibatkan mangsa gagal menuntut pampasan adalah pemilikan polisi insurans yang tidak aktif. Sementara itu mangsa kemalangan langgar lari turut gagal untuk menuntut pampasan atas kerugian mahupun kecederaan yang dialami. Senario kegagalan di atas turut bererti mangsa gagal untuk mendapatkan keadilan yang sewajarnya. Lantaran itu, kajian ini dilaksanakan bagi meninjau aspek pampasan kerugian yang berlaku akibat kemalangan jalan raya di Malaysia serta kaedah alternatif yang dilaksanakan berdasarkan sistem Diat. Metod yang digunakan dalam usaha mengumpul data adalah melalui kaedah observasi, temubual separa struktur dan kajian kepustakaan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara perbandingan dan kandungan. Hasil kajian mendapati sistem pemberian pampasan Islam menyediakan nilai diat yang tinggi melalui dana khas sebagai alternatif untuk membayar ganti rugi kepada mangsa yang gagal mendapatkan pampasan daripada pihak aqilah/insurans.

Kata Kunci: Pihak ketiga; kerugian dalam kemalangan jalan raya; pampasan; diat; insurans