Perjanjian Perdagangan di Bawah WTO: Isu-isu yang Mengundang Ketidakadilan kepada Negara-negara Anggota OIC

Abstract

Tremendous efforts to liberalize world trade has been done by the World Trade Organization (WTO) who is responsible for the administration and implementation of both bilateral and multilateral trade agreements and negotiations. The implementation of WTO trade agreements create significant impacts to the trade structure in the OIC member states who are not prepared yet to adapt to this new system of international trade due to financial constraints and shortage of experts. Therefore, the focus of this paper lies on three main issues under the WTO agreements which imply an unjust treatment to the Muslim countries. Firstly, anti-dumping clauses are to be reviewed carefully particularly the attempts to protect domestic industries of developed nations and how this agreement has led to threats with regard to export of OIC member states at the international market. Secondly, trade barriers against Muslim countries through the imposition of SPS standards (the Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures Agreement) where export of the OIC countries is given second class treatment. Thirdly, this paper examines the question of agricultural subsidies that benefit developed nations and threaten the future of millions of Muslims who are dependent on agricultural export. Finally, this paper will show how these issues are said to be a real threat to the Muslims around the world and drastic measures that the OIC itself is obliged to undertake to address issues of such injustice.