Adaptasi Penjaga Utama dalam Penjagaan Pesakit Demensia (Dementia Patients Primary Caregivers’ Adaptations to Caregiving)

Rohana Mukahar, Rahimah Ibrahim, Azizah Pondar, Siti Suhailah Abdullah

Abstract


 

Malaysia akan diwartakan sebagai negara menua apabila populasi warga emas dikatakan terus meningkat dari semasa ke semasa. Ini adalah indikasi yang menunjukkan bahawa semakin ramai warga emas akan menghidap demensia, maka semakin ramai dikalangan kita akan menjadi penjaga kepada warga emas demensia yang memerlukan bantuan. Tujuan kajian kualitatif ini dijalankan ialah untuk memahami dan menghuraikan bagaimana penjaga utama kepada warga emas yang menghidap demensia mengadaptasi diri dengan situasi penjagaan yang mencabar.  Kajian kualitatif dengan  pendekatan fenomenologi telah dipilih sebagai panduan untuk melaksanakan kajian ini. Kriteria inklusif peserta yang dipilih untuk kajian ini ialah penjaga yang menjaga pesakit demensia tahap ringan ke sederhana, berumur 21 tahun ke atas, dan menjadi penjaga utama kepada pesakit demensia. Sepuluh orang penjaga utama yang menemani pesakit demensia di tahap ringan ke sederhana mendapatkan rawatan di Klinik Memori di Hospital Tuanku Jaafar, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan Malaysia telah ditemubual. Hasil kajian mendapati penjaga utama mengadaptasi diri dalam penjagaan dengan bertenang, berserah kepada Tuhan, bertindak menyelesaikan masalah, dan mengelak situasi penjagaan. Adaptasi mengelak situasi penjagaan merupakan cara  yang paling banyak  digunakan oleh penjaga utama dalam penjagaan  pesakit demensia bagi mengurangkan tekanan dan meringankan beban yang ditanggung. Cara penjaga utama mengadaptasi diri dalam situasi penjagaan masih kurang berkesan untuk mengurangkan tekanan dan beban penjagaan. Mereka masih memerlukan bantuan dan sokongan dari keluarga dan rakan apabila menghadapi tekanan dalam penjagaan. Oleh sebab itu hasil kajian ini mencadangkan kepada pihak yang memberikan perkhidmatan kesihatan dan pihak lain yang berkenaan supaya menubuhkan satu kumpulan sokongan khas buat penjaga pesakit demensia. Kumpulan sokongan ini boleh dijadikan  sebagai tempat untuk penjaga berkongsi pengalaman dalam penjagaan sesama mereka, dan sebagai tempat untuk penjaga meluahkan perasaan dalam penjagaan.

 

Kata kunci: Penjaga utama; adaptasi dalam penjagaan; pesakit demensia; kajian kualitatif; penjagaan pesakit demensia

 

 

                                                      Abstract

 

Malaysia will be gazetted as ageing country when older populations keep increasing from time to time. These scenario indicates that many of the elderly people will have the possibility to become dementia, and many of us are finding themselves becoming caregivers for elderly people with dementia. The purpose of this qualitative study is to understand and describe how the primary caregivers of patients with dementia adapt themselves in caregiving situation. Phenomenological approach was used for this qualitative study. The inclusion criteria of participants were caregivers of dementia patients (mild to moderate stage), age of caregivers was 21 and above, and they are primary caregiver of dementia patient. Ten family caregivers  who accompanied  dementia patients to the Memory Clinic at Tuanku Jaafar Hospital, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia were interviewed. The results revealed four ways were used by primary caregivers to adapt with caregiving situation. The primary caregivers managed to be calm, pray to God, avoid the caregiving situation, and solve problems in caregiving.  Most of the primary caregivers managed to avoid the caregiving situation in order to reduce stress and lighten their burden. The primary caregivers’ personal adaptations skills alone may be insufficient to relieve their stress and burden. They may need attention and support from others when they experience pressure and stress, regardless of their personal resources. Therefore the findings of the study suggest that caregivers’ support group should be created by healthcare provider and relevant parties, so that they can share their experiences and use it as a platform to ventilate their pressure and stress in caregiving.

Keywords: Primary caregiver; dementia patients; adaptations in caregiving; qualitative study; caregiving of dementia patients

 


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