Pengalaman Sokongan Sosial Intergenerasi dalam Kalangan Warga Emas di Institusi Kebajikan Awam (Experience of Intergenerational Social Support among Elderly in a Public Welfare Institution)
Abstract
Sokongan sosial intergenerasi antara anak dewasa dan ibu bapa tua merupakan fenomena yang menjadi cabaran keluarga di Malaysia, terutamanya dengan peningkatan populasi warga emas. Tujuan artikel ini ialah untuk meninjau sokongan sosial intergenerasi yang diterima oleh warga emas di institusi kebajikan warga emas yang dibiayai oleh pihak kerajaan. Sampel daripada sepuluh orang warga emas yang dipilih menggunakan teknik pensampelan bertujuan di salah satu daripada Rumah Seri Kenangan RSK yang memberikan perlindungan dan penjagaan asas kepada emas. Analisis tematik telah digunakan untuk mendapatkan data perbincangan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan warga emas di institusi kebajikan kurang menerima sokongan sosial intergenerasi daripada anak atau waris. Majoriti melaporkan hubungan mereka dengan anak-anak dan waris semakin renggang malah ada antaranya yang terputus hubungan setelah mereka berpindah masuk ke institusi kebajikan awam. Artikel ini mencadangkan item-item dimensi keluarga dalam skala Lubben sesuai digunakan untuk mengukur secara kuantitatif penerimaan sokongan sosial intergenerasi bagi warga emas di institusi. Pengukuran secara kuantitatif menggunakan sub skala keluarga membolehkan pengkaji membuat kajian terhadap saiz sampel yang lebih besar. Pada masa yang sama analisis inferensi dapat dilakukan dan keputusan boleh digeneralisasikan kepada semua ahli dalam populasi.
Kata kunci: Sokongan sosial intergenerasi; skala Lubben; institusi penjagaan; warga emas; anak dewasa.
ABSTRACT
Intergenerational social support between adult children and elderly parents is a phenomenon that is becoming a challenge for Malaysian families, particularly with an increase in the elderly population. The purpose of this article is to assess the intergenerational social support received by the elderly living in public care institutions. The sample consisted of ten elderly respondents recruited through purposive sampling from one of the Rumah Seri Kenangan that provides shelter and basic care for the elderly. Thematic analysis was used to arrive at pragmatic findings. Results revealed that the elderly in this care institution received less intergenerational social support from the children or next of kin. The majority reports their relationship with children and next of kin to be more distant and even lost contact with them after moving into institutions. This article proposes that the items in the family dimension in Lubben scale were appropriate to be used for measuring quantitatively the receipt of intergenerational social support among elderly living in a care institution. The quantitative measurements using family sub-scale allows researchers to do research on a larger sample sizes. At the same time inferential analysis can be carried out and the results can be generalized to all members of the population.
Keywords: Intergenerational social support; Lubben scale; care institutions; old people; young adult
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