Faktor Kepimpinan dan Gender dalam Penglibatan Politik Wanita di Malaysia (1980-2013) (Leadership and Gender Factors in Women’s Political Participation in Malaysia (1980-2013))
Abstract
Wanita hari ini adalah merupakan aset penting bagi masyarakat dan negara. Mereka bukan sahaja mampu untuk memimpin negeri, malah mampu memimpin negara dengan baik; penglibatan wanita dalam badan-badan pentadbiran di peringkat kebangsaan dan juga tempatan boleh membawa perubahan kepada dasar-dasar dan undang-undang yang memfokuskan kepada wanita, kanak-kanak dan keluarga. Walau bagaimanapun, kaum wanita masih jauh ketinggalan berbanding kaum lelaki terutamanya dalam kepimpinan politik Malaysia. Kajian ini membincangkan mengenai faktor-faktor hubungkait kepimpinan dan gender mempengaruhi penglibatan politik wanita di Malaysia tahun 1980-2013. Tujuan kajian ini ialah untuk meneliti faktor-faktor kepimpinan dan gender dalam penglibatan politik wanita. Kaedah penyelidikan yang digunakan ialah kaedah kualitatif melalui permerhatian dan temubual bersama beberapa orang responden yang terpilih dalam kalangan bekas menteri kabinet atau pun ahli kabinet, sarjana yang pernah membuat kajian tentang gender dan juga ahli parlimen. Selain itu, penyelidik juga memperolehi data sekunder yang berkaitan dengan kajian ini. Data-data dan jadual yang diperolehi dari sumber yang diyakini, kemudiannya dianalisis secara kualitatif. Kerangka konsep yang digunakan dalam kajian ini ialah teori kepimpinan dan konsep gender. Hasil kajian mendapati wanita pada hari ini, lebih bersedia dan mempunyai kesedaran yang tinggi dalam politik serta peranan mereka sebagai pengimbang dalam pembuatan keputusan. Oleh itu, penglibatan wanita dalam politik amat penting kerana mampu merubah masa depan dan pandangan masyarakat terhadap wanita serta peranan mereka dalam membuat keputusan.
Kata kunci: Kepimpinan; gender; penglibatan; politik; wanita
Abstract
Women today are important asset to the society and country. They are not only capable of leading the states, but are also able to lead the country; the participation of women in administrative bodies at national and local levels could bring changes to policies and laws that focus on women, children and families. However, women are still lagging behind men in political leadership, especially in Malaysia. This study relates leadership and gender factors in political participation of women in Malaysia in 1980-2013. The aim of this study was to examine the factors of leadership and gender in women's political participation. The research method used was a qualitative method through observation and interviews with some respondents selected among former cabinet ministers, scholars who have researched on gender and also a member of parliament. In addition, the researchers also obtained secondary data related to this study. The data and tables obtained from reliable sources were then analyzed qualitatively. The conceptual framework used in this study was the leadership theory supported by the concept of gender. The study found that Malaysian women today are better prepared and have a high political awareness and their role as a counterweight in decision making. Therefore, the participation of women in politics is important because it can change the future and society's view of women and their role in decision-making.
Keywords: Leadership; gender; participation; politics; women
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