Preliminary Observations on Indigenous Knowledge and the Uses of Natural Resources in Banting and Padawan (Pemerhatian Awal Tentang Kearifan Tempatan dan Kegunaan Sumber Asli di Banting dan Padawan)

Eva Kristin Larry Sait, Neilson Ilan Mersat, Swee Kiong Wong

Abstract


This paper discusses preliminary findings of the study on indigenous knowledge of various cultural, religious, medicinal and culinary uses of the natural resources found in two different indigenous communities in Sarawak, namely the Iban of Banting and the Bidayuh of Padawan. Structured interviews were carried out with each household head in the selected villages to  determine indigenous knowledge of these communities on the usage of and reliance on natural resources. Through focus group discussions, indigenous knowledge on the various uses of identified natural resources is still available in these two communities. Their dependence on natural resources as building materials, food and, in the economic aspects still exist.  However, their dependence on natural resource is diminishing. The indigenous knowledge gap between the old and younger generation of both Iban dan Bidayuh areas has also been identified. Most of the young people  are no longer practicing  traditional way of life because they are more comfortable with  the modern way of life today. In addition, most Iban people in Banting, and the Bidayuh in Padawan have embraced Christianity and practiced modern way of life.

Keywords: Indigenous knowledge; natural resources; modernisation; Iban; Bidayuh,

 

Abstrak

Berdasarkan penemuan awal kajian, maka makalah ini bertujuan membincangkan kegunaan sumber asli dalam kehidupan etnik Iban di Banting, Sri Aman, dan etnik Bidayuh di Padawan, Kuching, Sarawak, berdasarkan pengetahuan peribumi. Seterusnya, cabaran amalan pengetahuan peribumi juga dibincangkan. Temu bual berstruktur telah dikendalikan bersama setiap ketua isi rumah di kampung-kampung terpilih  untuk mengetahui kearifan tempatan  bagi masyarakat tersebut berkaitan dengan penggunaan dan kebergantungan terhadap sumber asli. Melalui perbincangan dalam kumpulan, kearifan tempatan  mengenai pelbagai kegunaan sumber asli yang dikenalpasti adalah masih terdapat  dalam kedua-dua komuniti ini. Kebergantungan  kepada sumber asli sebagai bahan binaan, makanan dan dalam aspek ekonomi adalah masih wujud. Walau bagaimapun, kebergantungan mereka terhadap sumber asli  adalah  semakin berkurangan. Kelompongan kearifan tempatan di antara generasi tua dan muda juga  telah dikenalpasti di kedua-dua kawasan Iban dan Bidayuh tersebut.. Kebanyakan  generasi muda tidak lagi mengamalkan cara hidup tradisional kerana mereka lebih selesa dengan cara hidup moden masa kini. Selain itu, kebanyakan  orang Iban di Banting dan Bidayuh di Padawan telah memeluk agama Kristian dan mengamal cara hidup moden. 

Kata kunci: kearifan tempatan; sumber asli; modenisasi; Iban; Bidayuh


Full Text:

PDF

References


Chang Pat Foh. 2002. History of Bidayuh in Kuching Division, Sarawak. Kuching: Sarawak Press Sdn. Bhd.

Christine Padoch. 1982. Land Use in New and Old Areas of Iban Settlement. Borneo Research Bulletin 14(1): 3-14.

Derek Freeman. 1955. Iban agriculture: A Report on the Shifting Cultivation of Hill Rice by the Iban of Sarawak. No. 18. HM Stationery Office.

Friedlander, A. M., Shackeroff, J. M., & Kittinger, J. N. 2016. Traditional Marine Resources and their use in Contemporary Hawai’i. in Bambridge, T. (Ed.) The Rahui: Pluralism in Polynesian traditional management of resources and territories. ANU Press.

Furuoka, F. 2014. Economic Development in Sarawak, Malaysia: An overview. MPRA Paper No. 60477. Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya.

Government of Sarawak. 1998a. National Parks and Nature Reserves Ordinance. The Government of Sarawak.

Government of Sarawak. 1998b. Wildlife Protection Ordinance. The Government of Sarawak.

Government of Sarawak. 2001. The Forests (Amendment) Ordinance 2001. The Sarawak Government Gazette Part II Vol. LVII No. 12.

Hernandez, J., Campos, C. M., & Borghi, C. E. 2015. Medicinal use of wild fauna by Mestizo communities living near San Guillermo Biosphere Reserve (San Juan, Argentina). Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 11: 14-25.

Hon, J. & Shibata, S. 2013. A review on land use in the Malaysian State of Sarawak, Borneo and recommendations for wildlife conservation inside production forest environment. Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology 3: 22-35.

Hussein, A., Dasgupta, S., & Bargali, H. S. 2015. Conservation perceptions and attitudes of semi-nomadic pastoralist towards relocation and biodiversity management: a case study of Van Gujjars residing in and around Corbett Tiger Reserve, India. Environment, Development and Sustainability 18(1): 57-72.

Ichikawa Masahiro. 2004. Relationships among secondary forests and resource use and agriculture, as practiced by the Iban of Sarawak, East Malaysia. Tropics 13(4): 269-286.

Ichikawa Masahiro. 2007. Degradation and loss of forest land and land-use changes in Sarawak, East Malaysia: a study of native land use by the Iban. Ecological Research 22: 403-413.

Joe, K. & Insham, J. 2004. Dayak and Orang Ulu of Sarawak: Our Resources, Our Life, Our Heritage. In Indigenous Peoples’ Knowledge Systems and Protecting Biodiversity, edited by A. Sharom and G. S Nijar. Subang Jaya: Center for Orang Asli Concerns for Jaringan Orang Asli Semalaysia.

John Phoa. 2009. Protecting Native Customary Rights: Is legal recourse viable alternative? Akademika 77: 69-89.

Nicholas, C. & Lasimbang, J. 2004. Deliberations at the National Roundtable on Biodiversity and Indigenous Knowledge Systems in Malaysia. Subang Jaya: Center for Orang Asli Concerns for Jaringan Orang Asal Semalaysia.

Rohaida Nordin. 2001. Protection of Indigenous Knowledge: Mismatch Between the Convention on Biological Diversity and TRIPS Agreement. Bangi: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

OECD 2001. Natural Resources. http://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=1740. Retrieved on 23/3/2016.

Ole Mertz & Christensen, H. 1997. Land Use and Crop Diversity in two Iban Communities, Sarawak, Malaysia. Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography 97(1): 98-110.

Othman, N., Ab Halim, A., Jawan, J. A., Ismail, S. R., & Ibrahim, N. N. 2009. Pengetahuan Tradisional dalam Kalangan Masyarakat Pribumi Sabah. Manusia dan Masyarakat 17.

Paul, S., Bicker, A., and Pottier, J. 2002. Participating in Development: Approaches to Indigenous Knowledge. USA: Routledge.

Robert Aiken and Leigh, C. 1992. Vanishing Rain Forests: The Ecological Transition in Malaysia. New York: Oxford University Press.

State Planning Unit. 2014. Sarawak Facts and Figures 2014. http://www.spu.sarawak.gov.my/downloads/Facts%20&%20Figures/Sarawak%20Facts%20&%20Figures%202014.pdf. Retrieved on 2/2/2016.

United Nations Conference on Environment and Development. 1992. Agenda 21, Rio Declaration, Forest Principles. New York: United Nations.

Whitney, C. W., Min, V. S., Giang, L. H., Can, V. V., Barbez, K., & Lanh, T. T. 2016. Learning with Elders: Human Ecology and Ethnobotany Explorations in Northern and Central Vietnam. Human Organization Society for Applied Anthropology 75: 1-17.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


ISSN: 0126-5008

eISSN: 0126-8694