Aplikasi Peranti Analitikal “Cultural Diamond” dalam Analisis Pembentukan Komuniti Sub-budaya Cosplay Jepun di Malaysia (Application of “Cultural Diamond” in the Analysis of Japanese Cosplay Sub-culture in Malaysia)
Abstract
Ketiadaan sebarang bentuk sempadan yang mengelilingi kehidupan sosial masyarakat kontemporari membolehkan mereka untuk mengakses kepada trait sub-budaya dari pelbagai sumber lantas membentuk komuniti sub-budaya asing di lokasi tempatan. Artikel ini membincangkan komuniti sub-budaya cosplay Jepun dalam merangka penjelasan tentang bagaimana sebuah sub-budaya yang berasal dari luar negara iaitu Jepun boleh wujud sebagai sub-budaya di Malaysia. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan peranti analitikal ‘cultural diamond’ yang disarankan oleh Griswold sebagai skema menyusun atur penilaian dan penyelidikan. Analisis data mendapati bahawa wujudnya tiga bentuk hubungan antara elemen-elemen yang terlibat dalam proses pembentukan sesuatu bentuk (sub)budaya iaitu ‘dunia sosial meningkatkan objek budaya’, ‘pencipta dan penerima mengakses objek budaya’, dan ‘dunia sosial menyokong pencipta dan penerima’. Pada dasarnya, dunia sosial yang wujud pada ketika ini dikelilingi oleh proses globalisasi, kemajuan teknologi, perkembangan industri budaya, peningkatan tahap autonomi individu serta pengaruh media yang telah mempelbagaikan pilihan dari segi gaya hidup yang boleh diterajui oleh masyarakat tempatan. Ini kerana masyarakat tempatan tidak kira sama ada pengguna, peminat, pemuja, penggiat ataupun pengeluar berpeluang untuk mengakses kepada trait sub-budaya asing yang ditransmisikan. Aksesibiliti ke atas trait pengetahuan, komoditi, identiti dan ruang membolehkan peserta tempatan mempraktikkan sesuatu bentuk sub-budaya asing sepertimana yang dilakukan oleh para peserta di negara asalnya.
Katakunci: Cosplay; sub-budaya; peminat; globalisasi; transmisi budaya
Abstract
The absence of any borders surrounding the social life of contemporary society allows them access to the traits of sub-cultures from various sources thus forming communities of foreign sub-cultures in a local area. This study focuses on Japanese cosplay subculture communities in Malaysia in explaining how a subculture that originated from Japan can exist as a subculture in Malaysia. This research applies Griswold’s 'cultural diamond' analytical tool to organize the evaluation and research. The findings indicate that there exist three forms of relationship between the elements involved in the process of formation of (sub) culture namely ‘increase of cultural objects due to social world’, ‘creators’ and recipients’ access to cultural objects’, and ‘the social world support towards creators and recipients’. It is obvious that the current social world surrounded by entities such as the process of globalization, technological advancement, development of culture industry, increased levels of individual autonomy and the influence of media greatly increase the number of options in terms of lifestyle choices available to local communities. This is because the local society be it consumers, fans, cultists, enthusiasts and producers alike has the opportunity to access foreign sub-cultures’ traits that have been transmitted. Accessibility to traits such as knowledge, commodities, identity and space allows local players to practice any form of foreign sub-cultures as was done by the participants in their home country.
Keywords: Cosplay; subculture; fans; globalization; cultural transmission
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