Foreign Language Speaking Anxiety of Jordanian Freshman English Learners (Kebimbangan Bertutur dalam Bahasa Asing oleh Pelajar Bahasa Inggeris Tahun Pertama Jordan)
Abstract
Mastering English language skills is significant, particularly with respect to speaking for Jordanian undergraduates because the English language is becoming vital in some sectors in Jordan like tourism, foreign affairs, and higher education. Generally, it has been acknowledged that foreign language (FL) speaking anxiety hinders the attempts of language learners to become involved in speaking activities. Nevertheless, some studies have been conducted to probe language anxiety in general and anxiety pertaining to other language skills in Jordan. However, none of these studies was designed intentionally to address the specific FL speaking anxiety. Thus, the current research was meant to address the factors contributing to English FL speaking anxiety in the Jordanian context. To do so, in-depth, one-to-one semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty freshman students attending Jadara University in Irbid, Jordan. NVivo software was used to manage the coding procedure in analysing the data, and respondents declared twelve factors leading to an increased level of speaking anxiety. All were like the findings of previous empirical studies except four new sources: fear of being perceived as showing-off, cultural barrier between male and female students, fear of impromptu questions and previous experience in school. The first two of these factors highlight the importance of considering the cultural backgrounds of learners when teaching English in an Arabic and/or Muslim context like Jordan. The other two factors reveal the inadequacy of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teaching in schools, and universities too. The results support the theory that cultural differences are significant in addressing the issue of Foreign Language Speaking Anxiety (FLSA). Identification of these factors could lead future research, language teachers, and educators in better understanding of English language learning in the context of Jordan and move forward to develop strategies and tactics to overcome the difficulties triggered by speaking anxiety.
Keywords: Foreign language; anxiety; speaking; Jordan; qualitative research
Abstrak
Menguasai kemahiran berbahasa Inggeris menjadi semakin penting dalam beberapa sektor di Jordan seperti pelancongan, hubungan luar dan pengajian tinggi. Secara amnya, ia telah diiktiraf bahawa kebimbangan bertutur bahasa asing (FL) menjadi penghalang kepada usaha pelajar bahasa untuk terlibat dalam aktiviti pertuturan. Walau bagaimanapun, beberapa kajian telah dilakukan untuk mengkaji kebimbangan berbahasa secara umum dan kebimbangan berkaitan kemahiran dalam bahasa lain di Jordan. Walau bagaimanapun, tidak ada satu pun daripada kajian-kajian tersebut dilakukan secara khusus untuk menangani kebimbangan bertutur dalam bahasa asing yang tertentu. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk menangani faktor-faktor yang menyumbang kepada kebimbangan bertutur dalam bahasa Ingggeris sebagai asing (EFL) dalam konteks Jordan. Untuk berbuat demikian, wawancara separa berstruktur satu lawan satu yang mendalam dilakukan ke atas dua puluh pelajar tahun pertama di Universiti Jadara, Irbid, Jordan. Perisian NVivo digunakan untuk prosedur pengkodan dalam menganalisis data, dan responden memaklumkan dua belas faktor yang membawa kepada peningkatan tahap kebimbangan bertutur. Semua itu menyamai dapatan kajian empirikal terdahulu kecuali empat sumber baru: kebimbangan dilihat sebagai menunjuk-nunjuk, halangan budaya antara pelajar lelaki dan perempuan, takut pada soalan yang tidak dijangka, dan pengalaman silam di sekolah. dua faktor pertama ini menekankan betapa pentingnya mengambil kira latar belakang budaya pelajar ketika mengajar bahasa Inggeris dalam konteks bahasa Arab dan Islam seperti Jordan. dua faktor yang lain mendedahkan kelemahan pengajaran EFL di sekolah-sekolah dan juga universiti. Dapatan ini menyokong teori bahawa perbezaan budaya adalah penting dalam menangani isu FLSA (Foreign Language Speaking Anxiety). Pengenalpastian faktor-faktor tersebut boleh menggalakkan kajian pada masa hadapan, guru-guru bahasa, dan warga pendidik untuk memahami dengan lebih baik pengajaran bahasa Inggeris dalam konteks negara Jordan dan untuk bergerak maju ke hadapan dalam membangunkan strategi dan taktik untuk mengatasi masalah yang dicetuskan oleh kebimbangan bertutur
Kata kunci: Bahasa asing; bimbang; bertutur bahasa asing; Jordan; kajian kualitatif
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abu-Melhim, A.-R. H., Abood, M. H., Al-Zghoul, H. M. & Zughoul, R. M. 2015. The Relationship between Irrational Beliefs and Foreign Language Anxiety among Jordanian EFL Learners. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 4(6): 130-140.
Abdel-Khalek, A., & Alansari, B. (2004). Gender Differences in Anxiety Among Undergraduates from Ten Arab Countries. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal 32: 649-656. doi: https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2004.32.7.649
Aida, Y. 1994. Examination of Horwitz, Horwitz, and Cope's Construct of Foreign Language Anxiety: The Case of Students of Japanese. The Modern Language Journal 78(2): 155-168.
Al-Jamal, D. A. & Al-Jamal, G. A. 2014. An Investigation of the Difficulties Faced by EFL Undergraduates in Speaking Skills. English Language Teaching 7(1): 19-27.
Al-Sawalha, A. M. 2016. Qualitative and Quantitative Study on Listening Anxiety of Jordanian Students Majoring in English Language at Jerash University. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science 6(1): 82-93.
Al-Shboul, M. M., Ismail Sheikh Ahmad, Mohamad Sahari Nordin & Zainurin Abdul Rahman. 2013. Foreign Language Reading Anxiety in a Jordanian EFL Context: A Qualitative Study. English Language Teaching 6(6): 38-58.
Al-Zoubi, D. M. & Abu-Eid, M. A. 2014. The Influence of the First Language (Arabic) on Learning English as a Second Language in Jordanian Schools, and Its Relation to Educational Policy: Structural Errors. Sino-US English Teaching 11(5): 355-372.
Alrabai, F. 2014. A Model of Foreign Language Anxiety in the Saudi EFL Context. English Language Teaching 7(7): 82-101.
Bani-Khaled, T. 2013. Learning English in Difficult Circumstances: The Case of North Badiah Disadvantaged Schools in Jordan. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 7(8): 269-284.
Batiha, J.M., Noorizah Mohd Noor & Rosniah Mustaffa. 2014. Exploring the Factors of Classroom Anxiety in the Context of EFLArab Students. International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 2(2): 18-31.
Batiha, J. M., Noorizah Mohd Noor & Rosniah Mustaffa. 2016. Speaking Anxiety among English as a Foreign Language Learner in Jordan: Quantitative Research. International Journal of Education and Research 4(10): 63-82.
Byrne, M., Flood, B. & Shanahan, D. 2012. A Qualitative Exploration of Oral Communication Apprehension. Accounting Education 21(6): 565-581.
Cortazzi, M. & Coleman, J.L. (1996). Cultures of Learning: Langage Classrooms in China. In Society and the Language Classroom, edited by H. Coleman, 169-206. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Creswell, J. W. 2012. Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed.). London: Pearson.
Drbseh, M. M. H. 2013. The Spread of English Language in Jordan. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications 3(9): 1-5.
Hamdan, J. M. & Hatab, W. A. 2009. English in the Jordanian Context. World Englishes 28(3): 394-405.
Horwitz, E. 2001. Language Anxiety and Achievement. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 21:112-126.
Horwitz, E. K., Horwitz, M. B. & Cope, J. 1986. Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety. The Modern Language Journal 70(2): 125-132.
Huwari, I., F. & Badawi, M. 2016. Language Anxiety among Jordanian Postgraduate Students at Yarmouk University. Journal of Literature, Languages and Linguistics 18(1): 1-9.
Kauser, S. & Tlaiss, H. 2011. The Arab Women Manager: Participation, Barriers, and Future Prospects. Journal of International Business and Economy 12(1): 35-56.
Khairul Anuar A. Rahman . 2012. Disposisi Guru Berkesan: Personaliti Dan Kemahiran Komunikasi (Effective Teacher Dispositions: Personality Traits and Communication Skills). Akademika 82(2): 37-44.
Krashen, S. 1982. Principles and Practice in Second Language Acquisition. Oxford: Pergamon Press Inc.
Krashen, S. 1989. We Acquire Vocabulary and Spelling by Reading: Additional Evidence for the Input Hypothesis. The Modern Language Journal 73(4): 440-464.
Mak, B. 2011. An Exploration of Speaking-in-Class Anxiety with Chinese ESL Learners. System 39(2): 202-214.
Melouah, A. 2013. Foreign Language Anxiety in Efl Speaking Classrooms: A Case Study of First-Year Lmd Students of English at Saad Dahlab University of Blida, Algeria. Arab World English Journal 4(1): 64-76.
Muhaisen, M. & Al-Abed Al-Haq, F. 2012. An Investigation of the Relationship between Anxiety and Foreign Language Learning among 2nd Secondary Students in Second Amman Directorate of Education (Special Issue). International Journal of Humanities and Social Science 2(6): 226-240.
Occhipinti, A. 2009. Foreign Language Anxiety in in-Class Speaking Activities: Two Learning Contexts in Comparison (Unpublished thesis). The University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. Retrieved from https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/25584/Daxstamparexoggixultima.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Sadeghi, K., Mohammadi, F. & Sedaghatghoftar, N. 2013. From EFL Classroom into the Mainstream: A Socio-Cultural Investigation of Speaking Anxiety among Female EFL Learners. International Journal of Society, Culture & Language 1(2): 117-132.
Subaşı, G. 2010. What Are the Main Sources of Turkish EFL Students’ Anxiety in Oral Practice? Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry 1(2): 29-49.
Suleimenova, Z. 2013. Speaking Anxiety in a Foreign Language Classroom in Kazakhstan. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 93(1860-1868).
Tóth, Z. 2006. First-Year English Majors’ Perceptions of the Effects of Foreign Language Anxiety on Their Oral Performance. In M. Nikolov and J. Horváth (Eds.) University of Pécs Roundtable 2006: Empirical Studies in English Applied Linguistics 25 (pp. 25-38). Pécs: Lingua Franca Csoport
Tsiplakides, I. & Keramida, A. 2009. Helping Students Overcome Foreign Language Speaking Anxiety in the English Classroom: Theoretical Issues and Practical Recommendations. International Education Studies 2(4): 39-44.
Wilson, J. T. S. 2006. Anxiety in Learning English as a Foreign Language: Its Associations with Student Variables, with Overall Proficiency, and with Performance on an Oral Test (Unpblished doctoral dissertation). Universidad de Granada, Granda, Spain. Retrieved from https://hera.ugr.es/tesisugr/16235290.pdf
Woodrow, L. 2006. Anxiety and Speaking English as a Second Language. RELC journal 37(3): 308-328.
Xiaoyan Du . 2009. The Affective Filter in Second Language Teaching. Asian Social Science 5(8): 162-165.
Xie, X. 2009. Why Are Students Quiet? Looking at the Chinese Context and Beyond. ELT Journal 64(1): 10-20.
Zhiping, D. & Paramasivam, S. 2013. Anxiety of Speaking English in Class among International Students in a Malaysian University. International Journal of Education and Research 1(11): 1-16.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
ISSN: 0126-5008
eISSN: 0126-8694