Peranan Guru Sebagai Agen Sosialisasi dalam Membentuk Perpaduan Kaum di Sekolah (Teacher’s Role as an Agent of Socialization in Promoting Unity in School)
Abstract
Sekolah merupakan antara institusi penting yang berupaya membantu pembentukan perpaduan kaum melalui proses sosialisasi yang melibatkan pelbagai agen seperti guru dan rakan sebaya. Dalam konteks ini, guru merupakan agen yang lebih berautoriti, sekali gus dapat memberi impak yang lebih positif ke arah pembentukan perpaduan kaum di sekolah. Para guru terutamanya di peringkat sekolah rendah merupakan agen sosialisasi yang penting dalam menyatupadukan pelajar yang terdiri daripada pelbagai kaum, seterusnya membentuk kesedaran generasi muda mengenai tanggungjawab mereka sebagai seorang warganegara. Walau bagaimanapun, terdapat guru yang mewujudkan provokasi perkauman serta melakukan pengasingan pelajar mengikut kaum, latar belakang ekonomi dan agama agar pelajarnya dapat mencapai keputusan yang baik dalam peperiksaan, dan sebahagiannya juga mengabaikan peranan mereka sebagai agen sosialisasi dan membentuk perpaduan kaum kepada pelajar. Oleh itu, kajian ini dijalankan untuk meneliti peranan guru sebagai agen sosialisasi dalam membentuk perpaduan kaum. Kaedah kualitatif melalui teknik perbincangan kumpulan berfokus (Focus Group Discussion atau FGD) telah dijalankan bagi mencapai objektif kajian melibatkan seramai enam orang guru yang terdiri daripada guru Melayu, Cina dan India. Mereka merupakan guru yang berkhidmat di enam buah sekolah rendah daripada Sekolah Kebangsaan (SK), Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Cina (SJKC) dan Tamil (SJKT) di daerah Petaling. Hasil kajian menunjukkan terdapat empat peranan utama dalam memupuk dan membentuk perpaduan kaum, iaitu penyampai maklumat ilmu kenegaraan; ilmu perpaduan; ilmu kebudayaan kaum; dan sebagai suri teladan kepada pelajar ke arah pemupukan perpaduan kaum.
Kata kunci: Agen sosialisasi; perpaduan kaum; guru; sekolah rendah; pelajar
Abstract
School has been reckoned to be an important institution that aids in promoting ethnic unity through socialization processes that involve agents, such as teachers and peers. Within this context, teachers are agents who process ultimate authority in delivering positive impacts to develop ethnic unity in schools. Teachers, especially at primary school level, are an important socialization agent in uniting multiracial students, thus forming awareness among the young minds regarding their responsibilities to be good citizens. Nevertheless, some teachers seem to spark racial provocations and segregations among students based on race, economic background, and religion so as to achieve good results in examinations, and partly ignore their role as a socialization agent to generate racial unity among the students. Therefore, this study had been carried out to scrutinize the role of teachers as an agent of socialization in promoting unity. As such the qualitative method through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was performed to meet the objectives of the study by involving six teachers comprising of Malay, Chinese, and Indian teachers. They selected teachers have been serving at six primary schools from National Schools (SK), Chinese National-type Schools (SJKC), and Tamil National-type Schools (SJKT) in the Petaling district. The outcomes signify that teachers, essentially, have four significant roles as information conveyors in knowledge of nationhood, unity, ethnic cultures, as well as being the role models in nurturing unity among students.
Keywords: Socialization agent; ethnic unity; teacher; primary school; student
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