Validity and Reliability of Malay Version Financial Well-Being Scale among Malaysian Employees (Kesahan dan Kebolehpercayaan Skala Kesejahteraan Kewangan Versi Bahasa Malaysia dalam Kalangan Pekerja Malaysia)

Mohammad Rahim Kamaluddin, Rohany Nasir, Wan Shahrazad Wan Sulaiman, Sarah Waheeda Muhammad Hafidz, Janetter Marcial@Nur Atiqah Abdullah, Rozainee Khairudin, Zainah Ahmad Zamani

Abstract


Financial well-being is perceived as one of the important parameters in measuring a person’s socio-economic status as well as his or her financial situation. While many measures are developed in the West to assess the financial well-being of an individual, a valid and reliable Malay translated scale is still lacking to measure Malaysians’ status of financial well-being. With that in mind, this study aimed to validate Financial Well-being Scale in Malay language (henceforth, FWS-M) among a sample of adult Malaysian employees. The present study commenced with Forward-Backward translations and subsequently subjected to various validation phases: face, content and construct validity. A total of 600 Malaysian employees aged 20 years and above were recruited for the purpose of construct and factorial validations using a random sampling method. The data was analysed using Exploratory Factor Analysis while Cronbach’s Alpha method was employed to identify internal consistency of the scale. The inter-item correlation between items were also ascertained using a Pearson Correlation Coefficient method. The results showed FWS-M is a unidimensional scale with the factor loading ranged between 0.62 and 0.88. Meanwhile, the reliability analysis of this scale revealed a Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient of 0.92, indicating promising internal consistency of the items. The inter-item correlation among items in FWS-M ranged between 0.37 and 0.79. FWS-M is concluded as a valid and reliable unidimensional instrument to assess financial well-being among Malaysians employees.

Keywords: Factor analysis; financial well-being scale; financial well-being; reliability; validity

 

Abstrak

Kesejahteraan kewangan dilihat sebagai salah satu parameter penting dalam mengukur status sosio-ekonomi dan juga keadaan kewangan seseorang. Walaupun banyak ukuran dibangunkan di Barat untuk menilai kesejahteraan kewangan individu, namun skala terjemahan bahasa Melayu yang sah dan boleh dipercayai masih kurang untuk mengukur status kesejahteraan kewangan rakyat Malaysia. Sehubungan itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengesahkan Skala Kesejahteraan Kewangan dalam bahasa Melayu (selepas ini, FWS-M) dalam kalangan sampel pekerja dewasa Malaysia. Kajian ini dimulakan dengan terjemahan ke hadapan dan ke belakang, dan seterusnya tertakluk kepada pelbagai fasa pengesahan: kesahan muka, kandungan dan konstruk. Seramai 600 pekerja Malaysia berumur 20 tahun dan ke atas telah direkrut untuk tujuan kesahan konstruk dan faktor dengan menggunakan teknik persampelan rawak. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan Analisis Faktor Eksploratori, manakala kaedah Cronbach Alpha telah digunakan untuk mengenal pasti ketekalan dalaman skala. Korelasi inter-item juga dikenalpasti melalui metod Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan FWS-M adalah skala unidimensional dengan faktor muatan adalah antara 0.62 dan 0.88. Sementara itu, analisis kebolehpercayaan skala ini menunjukkan pekali Cronbach Alpha sebanyak 0.92, menunjukkan ketekalan dalaman item yang baik. Nilai korelasi inter-item dalam FWS-M berada di antara 0.37 hingga 0.79. Kesimpulannya, FWS-M adalah instrumen unidimensional yang sah dan boleh dipercayai untuk menilai kesejahteraan kewangan dalam kalangan rakyat Malaysia.

Kata kunci: Analisis faktor; skala kesejahteraan kewangan; kesejahteraan kewangan; kebolehpercayaan; kesahan


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