Exploring Demography and Sociological Factors Underlying Decisions to Join Gangs among Indians (Meneroka Faktor Demografi dan Sosiologi yang Mempengaruhi Penyertaan Kumpulan Kongsi Gelap dalam Kalangan Masyarakat India)
Abstract
In general, gang can be described as a group of friends with identifiable leadership with certain internal organization that engage in various illegal activities such as crimes and drug trafficking. Although voluminous studies have been conducted in the West regarding gangs and gangsterism but very few studies were actually explored this issue in Malaysia. With this in mind, this study sought to provide some evidence for reasons behind decisions to join gangs as there is a lack of local qualitative research on the phenomenon of gangsterism. This lack is largely due to the vulnerability of people coming forward to share their experiences. The specific aim of this study was to explore demography and sociological factors behind gangsterism among Malaysian Indians. This study utilised a qualitative research design (semistructured interview) based on the inductive approach. Ex-gangsters and police personnel were interviewed individually. Thematic analysis was used to extract main themes and sub-themes. Three demography factors were identified: age, gender, and educational level. Four sociological factors were generated: poor parenting style, family members who were also gangsters, gang culture in the neighborhood, and financial difficulties. Two new factors emerged from the informants: social power and to experience gangster lifestyles. The outcome of this research is useful for proactive crime prevention in the form of evidence-based knowledge about demography and sociological factors behind gangsterism. This paper also briefly discussed intervention, prevention, and suppression strategies that can be used to curb this gangsterism issue effectively.
Keywords: Demography; ex-gangsters; gangsterism; Indian; sociological factors
Abstract
Secara amnya, kongsi gelap boleh diperihalkan sebagai sekumpulan rakan-rakan dengan kepimpinan yang dikenal pasti yang mempunyai organisasi dalaman tertentu yang giat terlibat dalam pelbagai aktiviti yang menyalahi undang-undang seperti jenayah dan pengedaran dadah. Sejak kebelakangan ini, bilangan belia yang mengambil bahagian dalam aktiviti gang adalah pada tahap yang membimbangkan. Walaupun banyak kajian telah dijalankan di Barat mengenai gang dan gangsterisme tetapi sangat sedikit kajian yang benar-benar meneroka isu ini di Malaysia. Dengan itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan bukti untuk punca-punca di sebalik penglibatan dalam kumpulan kongsi gelap kerana kurangnya penyelidikan kualitatif tempatan berkaitan dengan fenomena gangsterisme. Kekurangan ini adalah disebabkan oleh kerentanan sekumpulan masyarakat yang tidak mahu tampil untuk berkongsi pengalaman mereka. Kajian ini bermatlamat untuk meneroka faktor-faktor demografi dan sosiologi di sebalik aktiviti gangsterisme dalam kalangan kaum India di Malaysia. Kajian ini menggunakan rekabentuk kajian kualitatif (temubual semi-struktur) berdasarkan pendekatan induktif. Bekas ahli kongsi gelap dan pegawai polis telah ditemubual secara individu. Analisis tematik digunakan untuk mengekstrak tema utama dan sub-tema. Tiga faktor demografi iaitu umur, jantina, dan tahap pendidikan dikenalpasti. Empat faktor sosiologi telah dihasilkan: gaya keibubapaan yang lemah, pengaruh ahli keluarga yang juga merupakan ahli kongsi gelap, budaya gang di kawasan persekitaran dan masalah kewangan. Dua faktor baru muncul dari informan: kuasa sosial dan keinginan merasa gaya hidup gangster. Hasil kajian ini berguna untuk pencegahan proaktif dalam bentuk pengetahuan berdasarkan bukti mengenai demografi dan faktor-faktor sosiologi disebalik gangsterisme.
Kata kunci: Demografi; bekas gangster; gangsterisme; India; faktor sosiologi
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