Tasamuh Versus Tolerance as Practical Approach to Encounter the Conflicting Issue (Perbandingan Tasamuh dengan Toleransi sebagai Pendekatan Praktikal Menangani Isu Konflik)
Abstract
Tasamuh is a concept introduced in Islam and was practiced during the time of Prophet Muhammad SAW. Its concept and practice was proved to be the realistic and practical concept in the multi religious society during his period. Even several centuries after the prophetic time, Tasamuh was also substantiated as good practice of Muslim society towards non-Muslims as to ensure social harmony with regard to sensitive religious issues. Changing of time created life to be more complicated and formed more pluralistic societies. The pluralities of religions and cultures require a fit solution to settle any conflicting issues arose. In this case, much discussion on the concept of tolerance took place compared to the concept of Tasamuh. This paper means to grasp the meaning of Tasamuh and tolerance from their roots either grounded for the sources or resulted from the history of the society. By using method of content analysis of the references that related to Tasamuh and tolerance, the paper explores the meaning of both words as well as the factors that formed the terminological meanings of Tasamuh and tolerance. The paper further presents the comparison and contrast of both concepts from several angles. As a result, this paper decides that Tasamuh or suggested as Islamic tolerance to be more comprehensive concept which can be practiced to deal with the differences in pluralistic society.
Keywords: Tasamuh, Islamic Tolerance, Tolerance, Conflicting Issues, Pluralistic Society
Abstract
Konsep Tasamuh merupakan suatu yang diperkenal dalam Islam dan sejarah kehidupan Nabi Muhammad SAW mempamerkan Tasamuh secara praktikal. Tasamuh dari sudut teoritikal dan praktikal membuktikan bahawa ianya adalah suatu perkara yang realistik untuk diamalkan dalam kehidupan masyarakat pelbagai agama semasa era Nabi Muhammad SAW. Bahkan ia turut menjadi amalan masyarakat Islam dalam melestarikan kerukunan hidup bersama masyarakat bukan Islam beberapa kurun selepas zaman nabi terutama apabila membabitkan isu sensitif antara agama. Namun peredaran masa menjadikan kehidupan kian kompleks dan membentuk masyarakat lebih bersifat pluralistik yang memerlukan solusi yang baik dalam menangani konflik yang berbangkit. Dalam hal ini, lebih banyak perbincangan tentang toleransi berbanding dengan konsep Tasamuh dilakukan dalam usaha mencari pendekatan yang sesuai bagi menangani isu-isu yang menimbulkan konflik. Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk memahami pengertian Tasamuh dan toleransi sama ada ia terbina berdasarkan kepada asas sumber atau sejarah kehidupan masyarakat. Dengan menggunakan metod analisa kandungan ke atas bahan-bahan yang berkaitan, kajian ini meneroka pengertian kedua-dua perkataan serta faktor yang membentuk peristilahan Tasamuh dan toleransi. Seterusnya kajian turut mengemukakan persamaan dan perbezaan yang wujud antara kedua konsep. Hasilnya, keputusan yang diperolehi memutuskan bahawa Tasamuh atau dicadangkan sebagai toleransi Islam adalah konsep yang lebih menyeluruh yang dapat direalisasikan dalam menangani perbezaan yang berlaku dalam masyarakat.
Kata kunci: Tasamuh, Toleransi Islam, Toleransi, Isu konflik, Masyarakat pluralistik
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