Chinese Women in Industrial Home-based Sub-contracting in the Garment Industry in Kuala Lumpur: Neither Valued nor Costed
Abstract
This article examines the circumstances leading to fifty-five married Chinese women's withdrawal from participation in the formal sector to enter the informal sector specifically in home-based sub-contracting work. These women sub-contract from the garment makers to sew, cut and embroider at home while caring for their family. The article also discusses if the efforts of these homebased sub-contractors are costed and valued by the factories, their families and themselves. The home-based sub-contractors provide an industrial reserve army that is truly disposable, flexible and cheap. They create an informal sector within the formal structure giving the best of both worlds for the extraction of surplus by the garment makers. However although homebased sub-contractors offer tremendous advantages to the garment industry to ensure its competitiveness and flexibility, the industry, evidently, does not value them nor are they costed. Even the husbands fail to value these women's contribution to family well-being.
ABSTRAK
Artikel ini meneliti keadaan yang menyebabkan lima-puluh lima wanita Cina yang telah berumah tangga meninggalkan sektorformal dan memasuki sektor tak formal, khususnya untuk melakukan kerja di rumah secara sub-kontrak. Mereka menerima sub-kontrak daripada pembuat pakaian untuk menjahit, memotong kain dan menyulam di rumah sambil menjaga keluarga mereka. Anikel ini juga membincangkan sama ada kerja yang dilakukan oleh wanita itu dinilai dan dihargai oleh syarikat,famili dan pekerjdwanita itu sendiri. Pekerja sub-kontrak di rumah ini merupakan tenaga kerja simpanan yang mudah untuk disingkir, luwes dan murah. Mereka membentuk satu sektor tak formal di dalam struktur yang formal bagi membolehkan pembuat pakaian mempemlehi keuntungan. Walau bagaimanapun, sungguhpun pekerja sub- kontrak ini memanfaatkan industri pakaian dari segi membantu mempastikan keupayaan kesaingan dan keluwesan industri itu, namun industri tersebut tidak menghargai atau memberi nilai kepada sumbangan mereka itu. Begitu juga suami wanitdpekerja itu ridak menghargai sumbangan mereka kepada kesejahteraan keluarga mereka.
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