Perilaku Pelancong Menurut Pandangan Pekerja di Taman Negara Mulu, Sarawak

SULONG MOHAMAD (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia)

Abstract


This study, conducted in May 1997, intends to collect and analyse preliminary information concerning the host society's perceptions of the behaviour of tourists from various countries who visited the Mulu National Park in Sarawak, a world-renown destination for eco-tourism. It adopts an indirect technique by conducting in-depth interviews with two respondents. The study shows that respondents have distinct stereotypes of three groups of tourists whom they categorised based on the country(ies) or cultural region(s) they came from as well as their race. Based on their classifications, tourists comprise Brunei Malays, Malaysian Chinese and Westerners. This study supports the views of earlier researchers who maintain that the host society perceives and differentiates the behaviour of tourists based on the country and race of the latter. To the respondents, tourists from various countries and races exhibited different personality traits, which were not only different from members of the host society but also from tourists from other countries. Nevertheless, perceptions of members of the host society of tourists should not be generalised to all the people or race in the country where the tourists come from.

Key words: Tourism, hosts, tourists, Sarawak Mulu National Park

ABSTRAK

Kajian ini, yang dilakukan pada Mei 1997, bertujuan untuk mengumpul maklumat awal tentang, dan merumuskan tanggapan tuan rumah terhadap perilaku pelancong dari pelbagai negara yang mengunjungi Taman Negara Mulu, Sarawak, satu destinasi pelancongan ekologi yang terkenal di dunia. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah tidak langsung dengan menemubual secara intensif dua orang responden. Hasil kajian menunjukkan para responden ternyata menjelmakan stereotaip yang jelas terhadap tiga kumpulan tetamu yang mereka kategorikan berdasarkan negara atau wilayah budaya asal dan ras. Mengikut pengkelasan ini, tetamu itu terdiri daripada Melayu Brunei, Cina Malaysia dan kulit putih Barat. Kajian ini menyokong pandangan beberapa pengkaji terdahulu bahawa masyarakat tuan rumah menanggapi dan membezakan perilaku pelancong berdasarkan negara dan ras. Bagi kedua-dua responden, pelancong dari pelbagai negara dan ras mempamerkan ciri peribadi yang berbeza-beza; bukan sahaja berbeza dengan tuan rumah tetapi juga antara pelancong dari satu negara dengan pelancong dari negara lain. Walau bagaimanapun hasil pemerhatian tuan rumah terhadap tetamu itu tidaklah seharusnya digeneralisasikan kepada semua rakyat atau ras di negara dari mana tetamu ini datang.

Kata kunci: Pelancongan, tuan rumah, tetamu, Taman Negara Mulu, Sarawak


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