Hubung Jalin antara Firma Besar dan Kesannya ke atas Perkembangan Industri Kecil di Bandar
Abstract
This paper examines the structure of inter-firm linkages between small and large firms and its effects on the performance on urban small firms. Based on an empirical study of 51 small textile and clothing firms in Kuala Lumpur and Petaling Jaya, the discussion focuses on three types of interfirm linkages in terms of outputs produced by the sampled firms, i.e.: the main buyers of small firms' finished-products: a specific contractual arrangement for outputs sold: and the linkages in the form of subcontracted work. These findings show that nearly two-third of the value of manufactured products are sold to large firms. It is also revealed that the more the value of products from small firms are sold directly to large firms, the higher is the performance and success of such firms. About 48.3 percent of the total value of products are sold to large firms through specific contractual-arrangement, while 20.8 percent are sold through subcontracted work. The effects of these two types of inter-firm linkages show a positive one, where small firms having both linkages are found to be more successful. The study concludes that not only are the linkages complex and multfarians but also important for the development of small firms.
ABSTRAK
Rencana ini meneliti bentuk hubung jalin antara firma dan kesannya ke atas kejayaan dan perkembangan industri kecil di bandar. Berdasarkan satu kajian empiris ke atas 51 buah pertubuhan pengilang kecil di Kuala Lumpur dan Petaling Jaya, perbincangan tertumpu kepada tiga bentuk hubung jalin utama dari segi penjualan barangan yang dihasilkan oleh pengilang kecil, iaitu: pembeli utama barangan siap keluaran pengilang kecil; ikatan kontrak khas dalam penjualan produk; dan hubung jalin utama berbentuk sub-kontrak. Penemuan menunjukkan hampir dua pertiga daripada jumlah nilai produk yang dikilangkan dijual kepada firma besar. Didapati juga semakin banyak nilai barangan dijual kepada firma besar, semakin berjaya dan tinggi prestasi sesebuah pengilang kecil. Dalam pada itu, terdapat sejumlah 48.3 peratus dari nilai barangan yang dikeluarkan oleh pengilang kecil dijual kepada firma besar melalui ikatan kontrak khas, sementara 20.8 peratus dijual melalui ikatan sub-kontrak. Analisis ke atas kesan kedua-dua bentuk hubung jalin juga adalah positif, iaitu pengilang yang mempunyai hujung jalin tersebut didapati lebih berdaya dan mempunyai prestasi yang lebih tinggi. Kajian seterusnya menyimpulkan bahawa bukan sahaja hubung jalin antara firma kecil dan besar kompleks dan pelbagai, tetapi hubung jalin tersebut juga penting kepada pembangunan dan kejayaan industri kecil.
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