Kapitalisme, ILO dan Sistem Hubungan Perusahaan dalam Abad ke Dua Puluh: Pandangan Selatan
Abstract
Until now the ILO has successfully introduced various conventions related to industrial relations for the purpose of providing world labour-standards to be implemented voluntarily by member-countries of the United Nations. These conventions could be regarded as the ILO's formula of actions to "tame" capitalism. But now, a suggestion proposed by the world economic powers to enforce these labour-standards through international trade regulations of the WTO has sparked criticism from the South. These criticism should be understood from the perspective of the South which prefers the labour-standards to be implemented voluntarily according to each country's economic capability.
ABSTRAK
Setakat ini ILO berjaya menggubal pelbagai peraturan mengenai perhubungan perusahaan yang diharapkan menjadi standard perburuhan seluruh dunia dan sepatutnya diamalkan oleh negara-negara anggota Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu secara sukarela. Pelbagai peraturan ini boleh ditafsirkan sebagai formula ILO untuk menjinakkan kapitalisme, dan proses penjinakan kapitalisme ini berlaku sepanjang abad ke-20. Kini, apabila standard perburuhan ini ingin dijadikan salah satu syarat perdagangan antarabangsa oleh kuasa-kuasa ekonomi dunia, negara-negara Selatan mula merasa gelisah. Kegelisahan negara-negara Selatan ini perlu difahami dari sudut pandangan Selatan yang menginginkan supaya standard perburuhan tersebut dilaksanakan secara sukarela berdasarkan kemampuan ekonomi masing-masing.
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