Diftong Dialek Melayu Saribas (Diphthongs in Saribas Malay Dialect)

Abstract

Makalah ini menghuraikan proses pembentukan diftong dalam fonologi dialek Melayu Saribas dengan memberikan penjelasan secara teoretis berlandaskan geometri fitur Halle (1995) dan struktur suku kata Clements (1985).Data kajian ini diperoleh melalui kajian lapangan di daerah Saratok, Sarawak. Seramai sepuluh orang penutur jati dialek Melayu Saribas menyumbang data untuk kajian ini. Data dikutip dengan menggunakan kaedah daftar kata, temu bual dan rakaman perbualan audio. Data dialek Melayu Saribas memperlihatkan tiga bentuk diftong [ay], [oy] dan [aw] sama seperti bahasa Melayu Standard. Diftong [ay] dan [oy] terbit dalam struktur permukaan, manakala diftong [aw] hanya terbit dalam struktur dalaman. Pembentukan diftong dalam dialek Melayu Saribas terhasil menerusi tiga cara; kata asal, pemonoftongan dan perubahan fitur. Pemonoftongan hanya berlaku dalam kata serapan /aw/ dan /ay/ daripada kata serapanbahasa Melayu Standard dengan meleburkan segmen diftong membentuk [ɛ] dan [ɔ]. Perubahan fitur pula berlaku apabila vokal [‒tinggi]mendahului konsonan likuida /l/ di akhir kata dialek Melayu Saribas dan mewujudkan diftong [ay] dan [oy]. Dapatan kajian ini menunjukkan proses pembentukan diftong dalam dialek Melayu Saribas berbeza dengan proses pembentukan diftong dalam subdialek Melayu Sarawak lain, seperti dialek Melayu Kuching dan dialek Melayu Rejangkerana konsonan likuida /l/ tidak dibenarkan hadir pada posisi koda dalam fonologi dialek Melayu Saribas. Seterusnya, dapatan kajian ini menambah baik dapatan kajian penahu terdahulu yang menegaskan dialek Melayu Saribas hanya terdiri daripada satu diftong [oy] di samping sebagai saranan kajian lanjutan kepada penyelidik bahasa agar perkembangan linguistik dalam dialek Melayu Saribasdapat dikaji secara menyeluruh.

Kata kunci: diftong; likuida;struktur dalaman; struktur permukaan;perubahan fitur

Abstract 

This paper describes the formation of diphthongs in Saribas Malay dialect by providing a theoretical analysis based on Halle’s features geometry (1995) and Clements’s syllable structure (1985). Data for this study was obtained through a field research in Saratok district, Sarawak. Ten native speakers of Saribas Malay dialect contribute the data. The data was collected by wordlists, interviews, and audio recording. The data shows the dialect has the same diphthongs as in the Standard Malay that is [ay], [oy] and [aw]. Diphthongs [ay] and [oy] arises in the surface structure, while diphthong [aw] only arises in the underlying structure. The formation of diphthongs in Saribas Malay dialect produces in three ways; origin words, monophthongization and feature changing. Monophthongization only occurs in the Standard Malay loanwords /aw/ and /ay/ by diluting the diphthong’s segments to form [ɛ] and [ɔ]. Feature changing occurs when low vowels precede the liquid /l/ in the word-final position resulting diphthongs [ay] and [oy]. Liquid /l/ is not permitted in a coda of the final syllable structure in Saribas Malay dialect. In contrast, other Sarawak Malay subdialects such as Kuching and Rejang Malay dialects allow the presence of liquid /l/ in the coda. The findings of this study give added value to the previous studies which asserted that Saribas Malay dialect only consists of one diphthong [oy], as well as give recommendations for further study so that the linguistic development in Saribas Malay dialect can be studied extensively.

Keywords: diphthongs; liquid; underlying structure; surface structure;feature changing