Peranan Institusi Pengajian Tinggi dalam Pembangunan Industri Bioteknologi di Wilayah Iskandar, Johor (The role of Higher Education Institution in the Development of Biotechnology Industries in the Iskandar Region, Johor)
Abstract
Peranan Institusi Pengajian Tinggi (IPT) terutamanya universiti penyelidikan awam dianggap ajen penting kearah memartabatkan kepentingan ekonomi pengetahuan abad ke 21. Kepesatan pembangunan industri khususnya dikaitkan dengan peranan IPT sebagai pusat pengetahuan yang memacu pembangunan ekonomi dan modal insan wilayah. Pertumbuhan di wilayah Iskandar, Johor misalnya telah memperlihatkan sebuah pembangunan bandar berdaya saing setaraf bandar wilayah global yang mempunyai ciri-ciri bandar hub pendidikan, industri berteknologi tinggi, industri bioteknologi, pusat rekreasi dan pusat bandar bertaraf antarabangsa. Berasaskan kepada latar belakang ini, kertas kerja ini menganalisis peranan yang dimainkan oleh IPT dengan memilih universiti penyelidikan awam (IPTA) sebagai fokus utama. Persoalannya, sejauh manakah universiti disepadukan dengan aktiviti ekonomi berasaskan pengetahuan? Objektif kertas kerja ini adalah untuk (1) mengenal pasti peranan universiti dalam inovasi dan penggalakan industri bioteknologi; (2) mengkaji mekanisme pertukaran pengetahuan dan pembentukan rangkaian universiti industri di wilayah ini; dan (3) merumuskan sejauh mana ekonomi berteraskan pengetahuan berkesan dalam pertumbuhan industri bioteknologi di wilayah ini. Kajian ini melibatkan pengumpulan maklumat daripada data sekunder, merangkumi akhbar, risalah dan laporan serta data primer melibatkan temubual secara mendalam dengan pegawai universiti dan institusi penyelidikan. Kaedah analisis kandungan telah digunakan untuk menanalisis data. Dapatan menunjukkan IPT membentuk rangkaian sistem sokongan antara kerajaan dan industri yang mana universiti menghasilkan tenaga kepakaran, sumber teknologi dan pengetahuan efektif untuk tenaga kerja dan pertumbuhan industri bioteknologi. Taman sains, inkubator dan insentif kerajaan dalam bentuk kewangan, infrastruktur bertaraf dunia, tenaga kerja yang berkemahiran dan persekitaran kawal selia yang mesra perniagaan juga turut mempengaruhi pelaburan transnasional dalam industri bioteknologi di Wilayah Iskandar.
Kata kunci: Institusi Pengajian Tinggi; ekonomi pengetahuan; industri bioteknologi; peranan; wilayah Iskandar
Abstract
The role of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), especially public research universities (PRU), is considered to be an important agent in enhancing the knowledge economy of the 21st century. The rapid development of the industry is particularly associated with the role of HEIs as a centre of knowledge that drives regional economic development and human capital. Development in the Iskandar region, Johor has shown the development of a competitive city region with education hub, high-tech industries, recreation and international urban centre. Based on this, the paper analyses the role of HEIs by selecting PRU as the main focus. The question is, to what extent the university is integrated with knowledge-based economic activities? The objective of this article is to (1) identify the role of PRU in the innovation and promotion of biotechnology industry; (2) study the knowledge exchange mechanisms and the formation of university-industry networks in the region; and (3) summarize how the knowledge-based economy is effective in the growth of biotech industry. It involves the collection of secondary data from newspapers, brochures and reports and in-depth interviews with university officials and research institutions. Content analysis methods have been used for data analysis. The findings show that HEIs form a network of government-industry support systems whereby PRU generates expertise, technology resources and effective knowledge for the workforce and development of biotech industry. Science parks, incubators and government incentives in the form of financial, world-class infrastructure, skilled manpower and business-friendly environment also influences transnational investment in the biotechnology industry of Iskandar Region.
Keywords: Higher Education Institutions; knowledge economy; biotechnology industry; role; Iskandar region
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