Contextualising Arguments on Defciency of Women’s Intelligence and Religion: Analytical Study on the Prophetic Traditions (Menafsirkan Pernyataan tentang Kekurangan Intelektual dan Agama bagi Wanita: Kajian Analisis terhadap Hadis Nabi)

Nur Saadah Hamisan@Khair

Abstract


Despite the increasing numbers of women and being majority of the world’s population compared to men, women were still found to be discriminated and oppressed due to many reasons. Feminists claims that religious texts were to be blamed for spreading misogynistic contents, and male’s interpretations became one of the main sources of conflict with regards to the women’s issues. One of the statements which can be found in the Hadith literature that had been debated among them is “women are defcient in intelligence and religion”. This paper aims to discover the sources of this Prophet’s statement from the authentic source, and to analyse its interpretation based on the opinions of past and contemporary Muslim scholars. It is also to highlight the criticism towards this hadith among the feminists who argue that those Hadiths were interpreted in favour of men’s interest and were influenced by patriarchal culture. Application of qualitative methodology, analytical approach was used to critically analyse the argument around this hadith, while contextual approach was applied to understand its interpretative context. The fnding shows that different methods can be applied in understanding the Hadiths with misogynistic content. This is because they could not be interpreted literally, but fguratively and contextually; in order to avoid any misunderstanding against Hadiths concerning women among the community, society and humanities.

Keywords: Woman; Hadith; Defciency; Misogyny; Feminist

 

Abstrak


Walaupun bilangan wanita semakin meningkat menjadikan mereka sebagai majoriti penduduk dunia berbanding lelaki, masih terdapat diskriminasi dan penindasan ke atas wanita di atas beberapa sebab yang berbeza. Salah satunya adalah disebabkan tek-teks agama yang difahami telah menyebarkan kandungan yang berbaur misoginistik,  dan tafsiran lelaki menjadi salah satu sumber konflik utama berkaitan isu-isu wanita, seperti yang didakwa oleh pihak feminis. Salah satu kenyataan yang telah diperdebatkan dalam kalangan mereka adalah “wanita mempunyai kekurangan intelektual dan agama” yang boleh didapati di dalam koleksi Hadis Nabi. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mencari sumber-sumber kenyataan yang diungkapkan oleh Nabi daripada sumber yang sahih, dan untuk menganalisis tafsirannya berdasarkan pendapat ulama Muslim masa lalu dan kontemporari. Ia juga menyerlahkan kritikan terhadap Hadis ini dalam kalangan para feminis yang berpendapat bahawa hadis-hadis tersebut telah ditafsir demi kepentingan kaum lelaki dan telah dipengaruhi oleh budaya patriarki. Menggunakan metod kualitatif, kaedah analisis digunakan untuk menganalisis secara kritikal tentang perbezaan pandangan terhadap hadis ini, manakala kaedah kontekstutal digunakan bagi memahami hadis berdasarkan interpretasi konteks. Penemuan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa terdapat beberapa kaedah yang harus digunakan dalam memahami Hadis yang mengandungi misogini. Ini kerana mereka tidak boleh ditafsirkan secara harfah, tetapi secara kiasan dan kontekstual bagi mengelakkan salah faham terhadap Hadis mengenai wanita dalam kalangan masyarakat.

Kata kunci: Wanita; Hadis; Kekurangan; Misogini; Feminis




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