Analisis Keberkesanan Komunikasi dalam Meningkatkan Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan di Universiti Penyelidikan di Malaysia (Communication Effectiveness Analysis in Enhancing Safety and Health at Research Universities (RU’s) in Malaysia)
Abstract
Isu keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan menjadi isu utama di industri pendidikan terutamanya di universiti. Tiadanya penekanan kepada pengurusan keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan dalam industri pendidikan menyebabkan ianya memberi kesan kepada kebajikan pekerja. Pengenalan terhadap budaya keselamatan seperti komunikasi dilihat sebagai penyelesaian sistematik ke arah mewujudkan kemalangan sifar di tempat kerja yang berupaya menjamin keselamatan di universiti. Oleh itu, kajian dijalankan bagi menilai keberkesanan komunikasi dalam meningkatkan budaya keselamatan di universiti penyelidikan (RU) di Malaysia dan hubungannya dengan aspek mudah difahami, rasmi dan tidak rasmi serta komunikasi terbuka. Sebanyak lima (5) buah RU iaitu Universiti Malaya (UM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) dan Universiti teknologi Malaysia (UTM) telah dipilih bagi kajian ini. Kaedah pengumpulan data yang telah digunakan ialah dengan menggunakan borang kaji selidik. Ujian korelasi Pearson digunakan bagi melihat hubungan antara pemboleh aspek dalam komunikasi. Sejumlah 470 responden yang diwakili oleh pekerja dan 298 responden yang diwakili pelajar PhD terlibat dalam kajian ini. Hasil kajian mendapati kedua-dua kumpulan responden menggambarkan hampir kesemua aspek (mudah difahami, rasmi dan tidak rasmi serta komunikasi terbuka) dalam komunikasi sangat penting dalam meningkatkan budaya keselamatan di universiti penyelidikan di Malaysia. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan pada aras 99% antara aspek mudah difahami terhadap aspek rasmi dan tidak rasmi (r = 0.532), aspek mudah difahami terhadap komunikasi terbuka (r=0.601) dan aspek rasmi dan tidak rasmi terhadap komunikasi terbuka (r=0.476). Dapat disimpulkan bahawa aspek mudah difahami, rasmi dan tidak rasmi serta komunikasi terbuka mempunyai hubungan antara satu sama lain dalam mempengaruhi elemen komunikasi.
Kata kunci: Komunikasi; Universiti Penyelidikan; Budaya Keselamatan; Dasar; keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan
Abstract
The occupational safety and health issue has becoming a major concern in the education industry, especially university. The lack of emphasis on occupational safety and health management in the education industry is affecting to workers wellfare. The introduction of a safety culture include communication is seen as a systematic progress towards zero accidents in the workplace capable of guaranteeing safety in universities. Therefore, this study is conducted to assess the effectiveness of communication in enhancing the safety culture of research universities (RU’s) in Malaysia and as well as to examine their relationship with easy-to-understand, formal, informal and open communication aspects. Five RU’s such as UM, USM, UKM, UPM and UTM were chosen for this study. Methods of data collection used were surveys. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software V24.0 were used for data analysis. Pearson correlation test was conducted to examine the relationship and the influence between variables. In total, 470 respondents represent staffs and 298 respondents represent PhD students, participated in this study. The results of the study describe that almost all aspects (easy-to-understand, formal, informal and open communication aspects) in communication are important in enhancing the safety culture of research universities in Malaysia. There is a significant relationship between easy-to-understand with formal and informal aspect (r=0.532), easy-to-understand with open communication aspects (r=0.601) and formal and informal with open communication aspects (r=0.476). It can be concluded that easy-to-understand, formal and informal aspects as well as open-ended policies have relationships with each other in influencing communication elements.
Keywords: Communication; Research University; safety culture; policy; safety and health
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