Kestabilan Kewangan Liga Sukan Profesional: Analisis Perundangan Terhadap Peraturan dan Amalan Liga Sukan Profesional (Financial Sustainability of Professional Sports League: A Legal Analysis of Professional Sports League’s Regulation and Practice)
Abstract
Penganjuran liga sukan yang profesional dan berprestij merupakan salah satu usaha meningkatkan hubungan sosial dalam masyarakat dan pembangunan ekonomi bagi sesebuah negara. Teori keseimbangan persaingan merupakan asas utama bagi mewujudkan sebuah liga sukan yang mempunyai nilai kompetitif, berdaya saing dan berkemampuan untuk menarik minat penglibatan masyarakat tempatan dan antarabangsa. Kegagalan mewujudkan dan mengekalkan aspek keseimbangan persaingan liga sukan akan memberi kesan negatif kepada pihak-pihak berkepentingan yang terlibat dalam pelaksanaan liga sukan tersebut, terutama dari aspek ekonomi sukan, iaitu sumber pendapatan. Antara faktor kegagalannya adalah berpunca daripada wujudnya sebarang pelanggaran larangan perlakuan antipersaingan. Kesan pelanggaran perlakuan antipersaingan yang wujud akan melemahkan kelancaran sumber pendapatan liga sukan, mengganggu kestabilan kewangan liga sukan dan akhirnya memberi implikasi negatif kepada pihak berkepentingan liga sukan profesional serta industri sukan itu sendiri. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk, pertama, meneliti dan menilai peraturan dan amalan sedia ada oleh pengurusan liga sukan profesional berkenaan samaada ianya bersifat antipersaingan atau propersaingan; dan kedua, mengemukakan cadangan penambahbaikan ke atas peraturan-peraturan tersebut, supaya ianya selari dengan matlamat menjadikan liga sukan profesional yang berprestij dan memberi manfaat kepada masyarakat, terutamanya yang terlibat langsung dalam industri sukan, dan pembangunan ekonomi negara.
Kata kunci: Antipersaingan; Propersaingan; Keseimbangan Persaingan; Kestabilan Kewangan; Liga Sukan Profesional.
Abstract
The professional and prestigious sports league is one of the efforts to improve social ties in society and the economic development of a country. Competitive balance theory is the cornerstone of creating a competitive sports league with the ability to attract local and international communities’ participation. The failure to create and maintain such theory will cause imbalance of the league and thus affecting the economic aspect of stakeholders, especially in its implementation such as sources of income. One of the several factors that contribute to the imbalance of a sports league is the infringement of antitrust regulation. Such infringement will distract the smoothness of the league incomes and affects the financial stability of the league. This paper intends to, first, examine and evaluate the existing regulation and practice of the professional sports league management in term of whether there are a violation of antitrust regulation; and second, to propose some improvements to the existing regulation, so that it is in line with the aim of making the prestigious professional sports league that benefit the community, especially those directly involved in the sports industry, and the country's economic development respectively.
Keywords: Anti-competitiveness; Pro-competitiveness; Competitive Balance; Financial Stability; Professional Football League.
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